Chlorine is in group 7 and has seven valence electrons, but we have three chlorine. These four terms all refer to the same thing: a diagram showing a molecule's atoms, valence electrons and bonding.In these diagrams, electrons are shown as dots and covalent bonds are shown as lines. Looking Good, Feeling Bad; or, What's the Problem with Perc? When I think of this, I think of candles. Atoms are the tiny particles of an element that are responsible for chemical reactions whereas, molecules are groups of atoms that are chemically bonded together. Name: Tungsten Symbol: W Atomic Number: 74 Atomic Mass: 183.84 amu Melting Point: 3410.0 C (3683.15 K, 6170.0 F) Boiling Point: 5660.0 C (5933.15 K, 10220.0 F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 74 Number of Neutrons: 110 Classification: Transition Metal Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 19.3 g/cm 3 Color: Silver Atomic Structure Principal Energy Levels. (A) How many moles of tungsten (W< 183.85 g/mol) are in 415 of tungsten? 7. The periodic element whose symbol is represented by W is tungsten. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. For each of the following compounds: i. !We!can!always!distribute!the!electrons! Lewis dot structures reflect the electronic structures of the elements, including how the electrons are paired. MoO 3 4. The electron dot structure of Ethyne: The total number of valence electrons present in C 2 H 2 ( Ethyne) = 10. Arrange the atoms: Place the carbon atom in the centre and the three oxygen atoms surrounding it. Get started for FREE Continue. Lewis Dot Structure. Using the Periodic Table to Draw Lewis Dot Structures The non-bonding orbital is actually of slightly lower energy than shown and so has slight bonding character. For the prediction of geometry, polarity and reactivity of (in)organic compounds, Lewis structures are actually very important. The Science; Which of the following has such a structure? Lewis dot structures are commonly referred to as electron dot structures or Lewis structures. Abyssinian Kittens For Sale Sydney, in the server error log. What Were Your Early Pregnancy Symptoms Before Missed Period, Question 22. Copyright 1995 - 2021 Kenneth L Barbalace (. Dot structures and molecular geometry Drawing dot structures Drawing Lewis diagrams Worked example: Lewis diagram of formaldehyde (CHO) Worked example: Lewis diagram of the cyanide ion (CN) Worked example: Lewis diagram of xenon difluoride (XeF) Exceptions to the octet rule Counting valence electrons Lewis diagrams Resonance A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Test your knowledge on Lewis Dot Structures. The atoms are now connected via single bonds. Write the chemical formula for the molecule. [iii, 10]. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . It does not reflect the bond angles and the bond lengths in a molecule. 11. They also display the total number of lone pairs present in each of the atoms that constitute the molecule. (For information on the mining, recovery, and applications of tungsten, see tungsten processing.). Resto Shaman Pvp Stat Priority, If the chemical formula of a compound is known, it is possible to construct its electron dot structure or Lewis dot formula. Cennina Castle Concert Programme - July & August 2019, echo Periodic Table of Elements: Tungsten - W (EnvironmentalChemistry.com), What Were Your Early Pregnancy Symptoms Before Missed Period, How Not To Summon A Demon Lord Chapter 50, ISFAR Montevarchi Alloggi convenzionati a 500 mt. Quantum Number, Lewis Dot Structure. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom. A = the total valence electrons the atoms wants to have in its outer shell. SiO2 Lewis Structure (Step by Step Construction) In the SiO 2 lewis Structure, the overall ratio of silicon to the oxygen atom is 1:2. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom. Here are the steps to draw a Lewis structure. The following are the steps to construct the SiO 2 Lewis Structure.. Step-1: Count the valence electrons of atoms For the SiO 2 Lewis structure, we need to figure out the number of valenc e . Including scores of properties and elements in many languages. Phosphorus pentabromide written as PBr5 in the chemistry equations is a reactive yellow solid. Share Twitt Share Pin Comment Twitt Share Pin Comment Nonpolar . Now, the lone pairs of electrons are assigned to each atom belonging to the molecule. The process of creating the formula involves first writing down a skeletal structure that shows the actual bonding pattern using only the element symbols, and then placing one dot for each valence electron. Origin of Its Name: 2 of the five electrons exist in lone pairs and implying that nitrogen atom form 1 triple bond or 1 double bond and 1 single bond and 3 single bonds in order to become stable by attaining an octet configuration. Ammonia has the molecular formula NH3. ! More info. The amount of tungsten in Earths crust is estimated to be 1.5 parts per million, or about 1.5 grams per ton of rock. Current theory . (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. ,3, First of all, find out the total number of valence electrons in the NH3 using the periodic table. Hence, the Lewis structure must show 3 7 = 21 valence electrons. 3. Classify each of the following statements as true or false: a Coefficients in a chemical equation express the molar proportions among both reactants and products. tungsten carbide, an important member of the class of inorganic compounds of carbon, used alone or with 6 to 20 percent of other metals to impart hardness to cast iron, cutting edges of saws and drills, and penetrating cores of armour-piercing projectiles. 1995 - 2023. Figure 1 shows the Lewis symbols for the elements of the third period of the periodic table. The resulting Lewis electron dot structure displays a. These diagrams are named lewis dot structures because valence electrons are drawn in the form of dots around the four sides of atoms. Lewis structure is basically a graphic representation of the electron distribution around an atom. A Lewis electron dot structure is a way to represent the valence electrons of an atom or molecule using dots placed around the symbol of the element. /> Are tetrahedrals polar or nonpolar? Lewis Dot Diagrams of Selected Elements. The central metal is denoted by using its chemical symbol from the Periodic Table. The final Lewis structure for water would look like this. Comprehensive data on the chemical element Tungsten is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Tungsten. Here, the electron configuration of telluride ion (Te2-) is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 4d 10 5s 2 5p 6. 50. Find more Chemistry widgets in Wolfram|Alpha. What is the principal quantum number of the electrons that are lost when tungsten forms a cation? And so we don't even need to go on to step four for this molecule. A Lewis structure is a diagram that shows the chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule and the valence electrons or lone pairs of electrons.The diagram is also called a Lewis dot diagram, Lewis dot formula, or electron dot diagram. Write the Lewis dot structures Lewis dot structures are commonly referred to as electron dot structures or Lewis structures. 2. 200. Science Anatomy & Physiology Astronomy . The dots are placed around the symbol in pairs and are used to indicate chemical bonds between atoms. What is the lewis dot structure for Tungsten. Lewis symbols illustrating the number of valence electrons for each element in the third period of the periodic table. Therefore, tellurium is an anion element. They are not much used these days every bit they are non energy efficient, It is alloyed with other metals or steel for strengthening them. This electron configuration shows that telluride ion (Te 2-) have five shells and the 5th shell has eight electrons. The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. Valence Electrons. Including scores of properties and elements in many languages. 40 Lewis Dot Structure A Lewis dot structure expresses the arrangement of electrons in an atom without having to draw a figure as shown in Figure 2-4. A Lewis dot structure is a way to represent the chemical bonding of a molecule or ion. David Sax Jr Roseville Ca, Your e-mail address will not be published. Determine if the compound is polar or nonpolar. The electron dot structure and structural formula of cyclopentane are articulated underneath. Click an entity to go directly to the entity box. Lone electrons are represented as dots in the Lewis structure, whereas, bonds are represented as a single line in the structure. In 1781, German language-Swedish chemist Wilhelm Scheele examined information technology and separated an acidic white oxide from it which he observed to exist an oxide of a new metal. 200. Trusted Information and Education News Media. In the +4, +5, and +6 states, tungsten forms a variety of complexes. })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); Get the free "Lewis structure" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle. The Lewis Dot Structure of Tungsten would be drawn with two pairs of electrons and two separate electrons for a total of 6. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion. 12. Covalent Bonds and Lewis Dot Structures; 9. Because Chromium has 24 protons/electrons on a Bohr Diagram it will have 24 dots. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam. Electrons sharing covalent bonding electrons sharing is the glue that holds atoms together. (It does not matter what order the positions are used. Use online or print pages out as classroom handouts. If possible, adjust the structure to minimize the formal charge and stabilize the molecule. She mainly works in the "energy storage", and "clean processes" domains, in particular in thermochemical heat storage and biomass valorisation to biochars. F | Cl F | F 6 electrons are used for 3 bonds. Posted by Priyanka. A Lewis structure is a constructional representation of electrons in a molecule or atom where dots reveal the position of electrons around the atoms, and dot pairs or lines act as the covalent bonds among atoms. Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal, whereas Fluorine is a non-metal. Therefore, the valency is satisfied via the donation of a lone pair of electrons for bonding by the oxygen atom. We are a great educational resource! These structures are useful for understanding the bonding and reactivity of a molecule. Draw the structure: Represent the bonds with lines, and the non-bonding electrons with dots. Put 6 electrons around 3 Fs. In a Lewis dot structure, each valence electron of an element is represented by a dot and is placed one by one around the four sides of its atomic symbol. More info. Molybdenum trioxide possesses a unique-layered structure. Gordon Cooper Children, 200. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element. Since all carbon-oxygen bonds are likely to be equal, the electron structure in resonance terms is shown below. A Lewis structure is a way to show the shape of a molecule. Figure 1. A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. 1. The . and the actions you performed just before this error. Your e-mail address will not be published. A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. How many unpaired electrons are in the Lewis electron-dot symbol for an oxygen 2. It is slightly toxic to humans, on account of its tendency to react in . Back to Electronic Structure of Atoms Back to General Chemistry 1 Study Guides . The octet rule states that atoms tend to attain a stable electron configuration by having 8 valence electrons in their outermost shell. The outermost central level of energy-containing electrons is called the level of valence and includes electrons of valence. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bismuth, Tin, Radium and more. He put dots around the symbols so that we see the valence electrons for the main group elements. Number of neutrons of lead. Gordon Cooper Children, This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry. is always the least electronegative atom". For tungsten the ores are concentrated by magnetic and mechanical processes, and the concentrate is then fused with alkali. The molecular formula of cyclopentane is C5H10. [1], is a difficult, brittle element belonging to the family unit of transition metals [3]. [1, 3]. 3. Tungsten and molybdenum powders are produced by carbonyl decomposition under atmospheric pressure and at temperature ranges from 347 to 1197C in a gas current (hydrogen, nitrogen and others). The crude melts are leached with water to give solutions of sodium tungstate, from which hydrous tungsten trioxide is precipitated upon acidification, and the oxide is then dried and reduced to metal with hydrogen. ii. Introductory Chemistry- 1st Canadian Edition . Tungsten also forms hard, refractory, and chemically inert interstitial compounds with boron, nitrogen, and silicon upon direct reaction with those elements at high temperatures. PLEASE, if you like an article we published simply link to it on our website do not republish it. The Lewis Structure calculator is used to draw the Lewis dot structures of various molecules. In 1779, Irish chemist Peter Woulfe investigated a mineral from Sweden and concluded that it contained a new metal simply did not isolate it. And so this should be the should be the final dot structure here. The major reason why learning Lewis dot structure is important is that it helps in predicting the number and type of bonds which can be formed around an atom. Determine the total number of valence electrons 2. The valence . Lewis Dot Structures for molecules with resonance are shown by creating the dot structure for every possible form, placing brackets around each structure, and connecting the boxes with double-headed arrows. Musica Nortea Viejita, No Bake Mascarpone Cheesecake Recipe Jamie Oliver. It doesnt react with h2o and oxygen (air) at room temperature. The central atom of this molecule is carbon. Tungsten crystals are isometric and, by X-ray analysis, are seen to be body-centred cubic. 300. something like this - H. | .He. 9. Lewis dot structures reflect the electronic structures of the elements, including how the electrons are paired. It defines the nature of bond and position of atoms of the molecule which are connected in the molecule. 1992. The third shell also has 8 electrons, but things get more complicated after than because the subshells spread out enough that there is overlap between them. It is used in the form of tungsten carbide for very hard and tough dies, tools, gauges, and bits. A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page. The atomic number of tungsten is 74. The least electronegative atom is made the central atom of the molecule or ion. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion. Follow these simple steps to correctly draw a Lewis dot structure: Add up the total number of valence electrons found in the entire compound. Check the Lewis Structure for any formal charge, which can be obtained by (number of valence electrons on free atom) (nonbonding electrons + 1/2(bonding electrons)). 5. What is Lewis Electron Dot Structure? Problem-1: In terms of electron dot formulas, define the electron structure of the carbonate ion CO32-. Chlorine is in group 7 and has seven valence electrons, but we have three chlorine. Senza categoria. By using our site, you Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. This is because electrons tend to occupy . It is extremely water-soluble because it is a polar material. Bonding Models for Covalent . These structures, also known as lewis structures or electron dot structures, are drawings that visually demonstrate how electrons are shared and arranged around atoms. Continue using the discussion forum for any questions, concerns, discussions, and suggestions. What are the horizontal rows called? Lewis structures are a useful way to summarize certain information about bonding and may be thought of as electron bookkeeping. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is attacked only slightly by most mineral acids. Powder efficiency is about 90%. It is prepared by heating powdered tungsten with carbon black in the presence of hydrogen at 1,4001,600 C (2,5502,900 F). Read Or Download The Diagram Pictures Electron For FREE Dot Diagram at CROWDFUNDING.DEMO.AGRIYA.COM Lewis (electron dot) structure. Place the valence electrons around the atoms. To draw the BCl3 Lewis structure, follow the below instructions. Metals and non-metals tend to complete their octet. While preparing for my final Chem exam I noticed that for Selenium, when I drew the Lewis structure I could tell there were 2 unpaired electrons and when I filled out the orbitals, I also found 2 unpaired electrons. Lewis dot structures also called electron dot structures are diagrams that describe the chemical bonding between atoms in a molecule. 61!! A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. Lewis structures, also known as electron-dot or electron-dot diagrams, are diagrams showing the bonding between a molecules atoms and the lone pairs of electrons that may occur in the molecule. 22 - 3 x 6 = 4. a bent shape. Prairie Dogs: A Threatened Species or Public Health Nuisance? David Sax Jr Roseville Ca, A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. The Lewis structure must therefore have 4 + 6 + 5 = 15 electrons. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). At room temperatures, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas that has a density of 1.8 g/dm 3. The first two electrons in a valence shell are s electrons, which are paired. Chromium 2,8,13,1. These electrons can be arranged as 2 pairs of non-bonding electrons. These dots are arranged to the right and left and above and below the symbol, with no more than two dots on a side. Copyright 1995 - 2023 Kenneth L Barbalace (. It also makes excellent drilling and cut tools, Fluorescent lighting widely uses magnesium and calcium tungstates, Tungsten is the metallic which has the highest melting point, It is the strongest metal for its highest tensile strength, It does not rust, tarnish and is scratch resistant, http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/74/tungsten, https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele074.html, https://www.chemicool.com/elements/tungsten.html, http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/Valence.al.html, http://chemistry-reference.com/q_elements.asp?Symbol=W&linguistic communication=en, https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-valence-or-valency-606459, https://world wide web.thoughtco.com/what-is-valence-or-valency-606459, https://www.webelements.com/tungsten/crystal_structure.html, http://objetoseducacionais2.mec.gov.br/bitstream/handle/mec/10496/reactions/74.htm, https://patient.info/doctor/tungsten-poisoning, https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/102463/is-information technology-possible-to-notice-fake-tungsten-aka-wolfram-gold-bars-with-a-strong-magne, https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/DeannaStewart.shtml, http://www.noblemind.com/search.exe?keyword=Tungsten+Molar+Mass&var=ii, https://www.overstock.com/guides/tungsten-rings-fact-canvas/, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/sphtt.html, https://www.plansee.com/en/materials/tungsten.html, https://www.reade.com/reade-resources/reference-educational/reade-reference-nautical chart-particle-property-briefings/25-specific-gravity-tabular array-metals-minerals-ceramics-substance, https://world wide web.sciencedirect.com/science/commodity/pii/S0921509317312704, http://pt.chemicalstore.com/W%20-%20Tungsten.html, https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/elements/tungsten/, https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-tungsten-definition-properties-uses.html, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-strongest-hardest-metals-mike-m-/, http://www.goodfellow.com/Eastward/Tungsten.html, https://www.tungsten.com/materials/tungsten/, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/rstiv.html, https://world wide web.jewelrynotes.com/the-mohs-scale-of-hardness-for-metals-why-it-is-of import/, http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/LatticeConstants.html, https://www.tacklewarehouse.com/Tungsten_Bullet_Weights/catpage-TTTB.html. Before!anyone!gets!wrong!ideas;!the!electrons!aren't!permanently!fixed!to! How many unpaired electrons are in the Lewis electron-dot symbol for an oxygen 2. Arrange the atoms: Place the oxygen atom in the centre and the two hydrogen atoms surrounding it. The Lewis structure . A Lewis dot structure is a way to represent the chemical bonding of a molecule or ion. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom. A single bond represents two electrons shared between two atoms, a double bond represents four electrons shared between two atoms, and a triple bond represents six electrons shared between two atoms. Lewis dot structures are also known as Lewis structures, Lewis dot diagrams or electron dot diagrams. Cr.Chromium. Looking Good, Feeling Bad; or, What's the Problem with Perc? This dark violet blue species exists as a volatile solid under standard conditions. Electrons that are not in the valence level are not shown in the Lewis symbol. Updates? Are there Realistic Dry-Cleaning Alternatives to Perc? The steps that must be followed while drawing a Lewis structure are listed below. In a Lewis dot structure, each valence electron of an element is represented by a dot and is placed one by one around the four sides of its atomic symbol. Glucose Chemical Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Sodium Fluoride Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Butane Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Silicon Dioxide Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Citric Acid Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Borax Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Ethyl Acetate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Propan-2-Ol Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Glycerol Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions. [1]. [three]. The arrangement of the valence electrons for oxygen and hydrogen when they bond show that the Lewis dot structure represents . 300. Who invented the periodic table? Wen 4214 Taper, 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 89103. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/tungsten-chemical-element, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubChem - Tungsten, tungsten (wolfram) - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Te + 2e Te 2. These bonds can be single, double, or triple. [three]. [1]. 118 Names and Symbols of the Periodic Table Quiz. This application requires Javascript. 74 W Tungsten 183.84; 75 Re Rhenium 186.21; 76 Os Osmium 190.23; 77 Ir Iridium 192.22; 78 Pt Platinum 195.08; 79 Au Gold 196.97; 80 Hg Mercury 200.59; 81 Tl Thallium 204.38; 82 Pb Lead 207.2; 83 Bi Bismuth 208.98; 84 Po Polonium (209) 85 At Astatine (210) 86 Rn Radon (222) 7. Its electron dot diagram is as follows: What is the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion? In 1916, American chemist, Gilbert N. Lewis, introduced bond lines to electron dot structures. What do the dots represent in the Lewis dot structure? tungsten (W), also called wolfram, chemical element, an exceptionally strong refractory metal of Group 6 (VIb) of the periodic table, used in steels to increase hardness and strength and in lamp filaments. Cennina Castle Concert Programme - July & August 2019. This allows each halogen atom to have a noble gas electron configuration. Lewis Structure of CO (Carbon Monoxide), In terms of electron dot formulas, define the electron structure of the carbonate ion CO. Cyclopentane What will be the formula and electron dot structure of this element? A carbon monoxide molecule consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. The states above +2, especially +6, are most common. David Sax Jr Roseville Ca, Wen 4214 Taper, 1995 - 2021. 74. Electron dot structure-valence electrons are represented by dots around the symbol of elements. The aim of Lewis structures is to provide a simple way for chemists to view molecules that allows accurate predictions about the actual molecules and structure and properties to be made. iv. Lewis symbols are diagrams showing the number of valence electrons of a specific element with dots indicating lone pairs. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. The number of dots is equal to the number of valence electrons in the element. They also display the total number of lone pairs present in each of the atoms that constitute the molecule. In Lewis Structures, a line is used to represent the bonding electrons between two combining atoms. Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element. The least electronegative element goes in the center H is NEVER a center atom Carbon is usually in the center Writing Lewis Structures 3. Linear. When figuring out Lewis Dots for Covalent compounds what does "A" mean? Lewis electron dot diagrams for ions have fewer (for cations) or more (for anions) dots than the corresponding atom. If BH3 formed the trigonal planar molecule shown in the image below, which statement would best describe BH3? Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element. What is the lewis dot structure for Tungsten, any one can talk to me on gemail imm bor,ed , btw I'm boy, What is the mass of 3.01x 1022 molecules of phosphorus, P4 ? .recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;} answer choices . The intriguing topological and physiochemical characteristics of 1b and 2b are reported on the basis of the X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and Li ion binding studies tungsten lewis dot structure . It takes the molecule as input and outputs its Lewis dot structure.. In red hot condition, it forms its oxide. Over the region of all three carbon-oxygen bonds, one electron pair is delocalized. Prairie Dogs: A Threatened Species or Public Health Nuisance? General Chemistry Lewis Dot Structures Professor Dave Explains 2.35M subscribers 22K 1.3M views 7 years ago Finally, you'll understand all those weird pictures of molecules with the letters and. Commercially, information technology is produced by reducing tungsten oxide with carbon or hydrogen Global Trends in Energy Technology Innovation, Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Energy of the Future, From Bhopal to Hazardous Waste Compliance, Love Canal NY: Grownups Don't Do Blue Goo, New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina & the Oil Industry, Environmental Justice and the NIMBY Principle.