economic importance of coconut

A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. These have much lower fat content and are suitable as milk substitutes. (1992). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. For for the bucking horse, see. Request Answer. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. For other uses, see, "Grated coconut" redirects here. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. All the parts-of the Wonder palm are useful to making in one way or other. Overall, the coconut fruit is an important economic resource that has a wide range of uses and contributes significantly to local and global economies. But research on them is still ongoing to determine which of them (if any) actually belong to the genus Cocos. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. Climbers employed in coconut plantations often develop musculoskeletal disorders and risk severe injury or death from falling. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. They usually remain genetically isolated when introduced to new regions, making it possible to trace their origins. In fact, the toning property of coconut helps in preventing acne by minimizing the pores of the skin, leaving it glowing. Is eating coconut good for your skin? Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. [66] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Why Are There No Coconuts In North India? ", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association", "The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors (Systematic review)", "Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:03. Composition and Uses: The following products of coconut are useful to human being. and Koop Wind (Eds.). Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. Its development would . Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. Ans : Ripening is characterised by an increase in the breakdown of starch within the fruit, as well as an increase in the number of simple sugars that are sweet in taste such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose as a result of this breakdown. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. It should stay fresh for four to six months stored at room temperature. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. Theyre mostly green until they fully mature. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. [25] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. What's Funny About The Business Of Monkeys Picking Coconuts? These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. in history at New Mexico State University. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). Virgin coconut oil (VCO), extracted from fresh coconut kernel using the cold press method, that produces the finest and purest grade coconut oil with maximum retention of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and anti-oxidants, thus making it the mother of all oils. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. ", "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity", "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas", "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats", "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study", "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed", "A study on skills for trade and economic diversification (STED) in the non-traditional coconut export sectors of the Philippines". Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. The coconut oil is in great demand for edible purposes, for soap making toilet preparation. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. Immature coconuts produce a sloshing sound when shaken (the sharper the sound, the younger it is), while fully mature coconuts do not. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. What is the economic importance of coconut? However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk orcoconut oil. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. Tannin produces negative effects on sapling growth. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. India contribute about 50% coir production. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. Flowers are protandrous, the female flowers open, after the male flowers have withered. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. It is predominantly used in the bakery and confectionary industries (especially in non-coconut-producing countries) because of its longer shelf life compared to freshly grated coconut. The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. The husks can be used as flotation devices. In 1987, a "coconut law" was signed by Governor Edwin Edwards exempting from insurance liability any decorated coconut "handed" from a Zulu float. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. In the 18th century, Belize exported dried coconuts to Britain to produce food . [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. Coconuts could not reach inland locations without human intervention (to carry seednuts, plant seedlings, etc.) Coconut Tree is commonly found in coastal areas. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. What are the health benefits of coconut water? Rich in fiber and MCTs, it may offer a number of benefits, including improved heart health, weight loss, and digestion. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. Other cultivars of niu leka may also exist in other islands of the Pacific, and some are probably descendants of advanced crosses between Compact Dwarfs and Southeast Asian Dwarf types.[11][65]. As part of the activities, there was a two-day conference aimed at re-educating Guyanese about the diverse benefits of the coconut fruit focusing on its economic diversification and multipurpose use, while heightening awareness and boosting the local Agro-tourism sector. Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). One of the primary economic contributions of the coconut is as a source of food. Phylogenetic evidence supports the closest relatives of Cocos being either Syagrus or Attalea, both of which are found in South America. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". It contains less than 3% of the original moisture content of coconut meat. [185], This article is about the plant. Be notified when an answer is posted. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). Samosir (eds.) A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. This results in the naked coconut "shell" with three pores more familiar in countries where coconuts are not grown locally. [154] Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered extremely effective for the removal of impurities. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. Easily kills parasites and helps remove them from body. The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F). Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. The exocarp is the glossy outer skin, usually yellow-green to yellow-brown in color. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. [27] In Vanuatu, coconut palms for copra production are generally spaced 9m (30ft) apart, allowing a tree density of 100 to 160 per hectare (40 to 65 per acre). Self Magazine. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. Coconut Research Center. It enables toxins to be removed easily from harmful substances. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . [101], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. The endocarp is around .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 millimetres (18 inch) thick and has three distinctive germination pores (micropyles) on the distal end. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. Moisturize properly after washing your face. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? Fruit growing, on the other hand, is perennial in nature, allowing the grower to remain engaged in farm operations throughout the year and to make full use of farm resources and assets, such as machinery, land, and water, for production purposes throughout the year. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. However, Cocos is not thought to be indigenous to South America, and the highest genetic diversity is present in Asian Cocos, indicating that at least the modern species Cocos nucifera is native to there. ; Batugal, P.; Bonnot, F. (2008). It is governed by a single recessive gene (there are studies to this effect) and . The shell, freed from the husk, and heated on warm ashes, exudes an oily material that is used to soothe dental pains in traditional medicine of Cambodia. It is used for cooking various dishes. It is claimed that they evolved to disperse significant distances via marine currents. The know-how of coconut cultivation and necessary soil fixation and irrigation may have found its way into Omani, Hadrami and Al-Mahra culture by people who returned from those overseas areas. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. All of these introductions are within the last few centuries, relatively recent in comparison to the spread of Pacific coconuts.[49]. It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root.[142]. Self Magazine. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. The importance of coconut palmoil subsequently decreased due to competition from other vegetable oils, particularly palm oil from Elaeis guineensis. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 46m (1320ft) long, and pinnae 6090 centimetres (23ft) long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. See also Can Raw Coconut Cause Stomach Pain? In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life". [172] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. In 2007, the Philippines imposed a quarantine in Metro Manila and 26 provinces to stop the spread of the pest and protect the Philippine coconut industry managed by some 3.5million farmers.[75]. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, Domesticated Pacific coconuts, on the other hand, are rounded in shape with a thinner husk and a larger amount of endosperm. [164] The smell of coconuts comes from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as -decalactone in the food and fragrance industries.

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