descriptive representation pros and cons

Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida. Conducting a thorough survey relies on two things: willing participants and accurate data. Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. States of democracy: A gender perspective. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. The Case of Rwanda, Worlds Apart? Toggle navigation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. thanked the writer. Young, I. M. (1990). Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United States. This allows more people to benefit from the decisions the government makes when compared with other types of ruling structures. Signs, 19(3), 713738. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons, knowledge, and the percent of time participants used KICs. From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money? Lexington: D. C. Heath. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. 2. Pros & Cons of Existential Counseling . While descriptive statistics describe data, inferential statistics allows you to make predictions from data. (1996). Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. And bear in mind that representatives act on behalf of groups not directly included in decision-making so we should also focus on the representation of interests (though this is much harder to do than simply counting, of course). While women and minorities remain underrepresented in Congress, some individual legislators have achieved seniority and enough political clout necessary to move into leadership positions. Cons are arguments against it. It is the land of oppression to progression, yet we still wear our scars and our heads up high. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Womens Quotas, Variations in State Feminism and the Fact of Reasonable Pluralism. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. CrossRef Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. They delineate achievement and motivate students to study hard and perform well. London: Routledge. (1995). . 1938). Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Making your pros and cons list objectively can help weigh each pro and con against the others. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). Pitkin, H. F. (1972). Pros of Reservation System in India The Reservation System in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, when it was introduced to put an end to social evils such as untouchability and caste system. 2. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representatives ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representatives ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. Advantages of Descriptive Research. New York: Oxford University Press. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. (2004). New York: Routledge. Galligan, Y. 1. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. Defending equality of outcome. Phillips, A. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. Quantitativist. The politics of presence. Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. 6. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). Democratic legitimacy. Various reasons clarify why this is. These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. so that you can track your progress. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. For example, if you are a representative for an ad agency, you may conduct research to find out consumer opinion on a certain product. Journal of European Social Policy, 19(1), 1933. The simplest example of this point, which is critical for an understanding of how languages function as representational systems, is the famous traffic lights example. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Pennock, J. R. (1979). Goodin, R. 2004. 3. $\endgroup . This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. In the 2012 general election, 80 percent of the candidates endorsed by EMILYs List won a seat. Today, EMILYs List, a PAC founded in 1985 to help elect pro-choice Democratic women to office, plays a major role in fundraising for female candidates. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. This advantage makes it possible to determine if outcomes are viable. That's pretty straightforward. (2002). Fraser, N. (2013). Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. Representatives. Google Scholar. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. Main Research Question. Often times in American history, unselected natural characteristics such as race and ethnicity have served as keen factors permitting unequal treatment of individuals and at creating barriers placing minority groups at a disadvantage when attempting to practice influence over the government. Pros of Representative Democracy. In descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds (gender, race, religion, etc.) The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Weldon, L. S. (2002). (1982). It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater SDLC models might have a different approach but the basic phases and activity remain the same for all the models. therefore, it is used by various industries Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? In J. Parkinson & J. Mansbridge (Eds. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Perhaps youve even made it yourself. Or at least, that's one theory. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. In 1971, to better represent their interests, these representatives founded the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), an organization that grew out of a Democratic select committee formed in 1969. Inclusion and democracy. Get Access. Your email address will not be published. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Pros of Representative Democracy. Teigen, M. (2000). Como Hacer Suero De Leche Venezolano, Secondly, response rate is low in this research. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Reisel, L. (2014). The three that we visit on every trip to Atlanta are Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium. African Americans were routinely deprived of the opportunity to participate in democracy, and Hispanics and other minority groups were fairly insignificant in number and excluded by the states. On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness. The limitation that comes with statistics is that it can't allow you to make any sort of conclusions beyond the . They also have some other benefits over traditional headphones. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. Feminism, epistemology and morality. Vibert, F. (2007). Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. Gain seats easily: A party that receives a high enough percentage of votes has a seat in . Kymlicka, W. (1993). Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. 518). One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts. The debate about whether grades help or hinder student learning is as old as the U.S. grading system itself, dating back to the late 1800s. 2. Swain, C. M. (1993). We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. An example of descriptive statistics would be finding a pattern that comes from the data you've taken. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. Sound bar - Pros and Cons. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. PROS Better understanding Easy sharing of information Accurate analysis Sales analysis Finding relations between events Modification of data Exploring opportunities and trends Geographical visualization CONS It gives estimation not accuracy Biased Lack of assistance Improper design issue Wrong focused people can skip core messages

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