1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. When Burnaburia II died, his son Kara-harda succeeded him but was assassinated in a rebellion (1328 BCE). Iran 11.1 (1973): 1-27, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosII." 417 f.). [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. ''Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf'', Journal of Near Eastern Studies, LXV/2, 111-119.Richardson, S. (2005). They introduced war chariots, The Kassites were defeated by the Elamites in 1157 B.C. We care about our planet! 5 ff. [22] After the Kassite dynasty was overthrown in 1155 BC, the system of provincial administration continued and the country remained united under the succeeding rule, the Second Dynasty of Isin.[23]. (2015). Kings with Kassite names appeared on the middle Euphrates during the 17th century BCE. [56], Seals were used widely across the Near Eastern kingdoms during the Kassite rule. What kind of government did the Kassites have? Qala'at al-Bahrain/2 The central monumental buildings. "Babylon in the Second Millennium BCE: New Insights on the Transitions from Old Babylonian to Kassite and Isin II Periods". - C., Burna-Buriash Ier ensures its . Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. Volume 2 Kardunia. Christ was at once a Koresh, a Hebrew, and a Yehudi. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. The Kassites, controlled Mesopotamia from 1595 to 1157 B.C. W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. Several Kassite tribes and clans bore Akkadian and atypical names (Sassmannshausen, 2001, pp. "2. W. Eilers, rev. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. Agum the prince (? Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. In most of the pertinent filiations the father has a Kassite, and the son a Babylonian, name. Jesus is the culmination of His ancestors' expectation of the fulfillment of the Edenic Promise. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. This discovery was made by the same archaeologist (Ludwig Borchardt) that discovered the Nefertiti bust and helped excavate the Amarna region. (Kassites). This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline Isaac was 100 years later in 2048bce, or 2048 from Adam. 1-19. The canal Habur-ibal-buga (see Balkan, 1954, p. 104) is recorded in a document from Terqa which is dated to King Hammurapih (perhaps 16th century BCE, i.e., at the beginning of the Middle Babylonian period; see Podany, 2002, pp. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. Nearing the end of the letter, the king states that if no archers are sent, then Jerusalem will fall to the Hapiru (same as Apiru). The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. Top level: Mesopotamian Gods in symbolic form, second level: animals and deities playing musical instruments (detail), "Unfinished" Kudurru, Kassite period, attributed to the reign of Melishipak, 1186-1172 B.C.E., found in Susa, where it had been taken as war booty in the 12th century B.C.E. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. They continued to refer to such units after they had taken control over cities. Cite This Work 15-26. Gasche et al. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. of Pientka, Sptaltbabylonische Zeit, OLZ 95, 2000, pp. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. World History Encyclopedia. Kassite toponyms refer to three polities in western Media, viz., Nahi-marti, Bt-Kilamzah, and Bt-Kubatti. The cities of Ashkelon and Gezer were Philistine territory that werent fully conquered by Israel. But Babylonia remained a world power: the Hittite king Hattuili III contacted Kadaman-Enlil II (1258-50 BCE) when the latter became king, in order to continue their good relations. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Wikimedia (1969): 310-348, Kaniuth, Kai. Marduk was already the patron deity of the Babylonians before the Kassites arrived, but this God was elevated to the position of supreme god once Babylon became a powerful Mesopotamian territory. This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). 174-190, Bass, George F., et al. Slavery was common, but not the dominant factor of the workforce. However, Huber (1999-2000, p. 289b) doubts the mere three-year interval. His body was never found and also coincidentally there was no chariots available for other wars for quite a while after that. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. kassites in the bible. 4, 1965, pp. M. Van De Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. The administration was directed from the palaces of various cities. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. [37] According to the Assyrian Synchronistic Chronicle, which is not considered reliable, the last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi, was taken to Susa and imprisoned there in 1155 BC, where he also died. Genesis 2:14 gives the location of the Garden of Eden. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Many endure rather than enjoy reading these two chapters. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The temples that the Kassite kings built or rebuilt are mainly in the Babylonian tradition, although one Kassite innovation was the use of molded bricks to form figures in relief. For less than $1 a week, you'll get devotionals, Bible study guides, thematic studies, and much more! They were used to mark official items and ownership. The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. Ghent, 1998. First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. Idem, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Analecta Orientalia 43, Rome, 1968. The demise of the Kassite dynasty was caused mainly by external factors. 86 ff.). Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 88-124, Clayden, Tim. Bibliography 257 Environment, Series II, Memoirs IV. The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. "Kassite." 44 f., 59). This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. Balkan, 1954, pp. ). Iraq, vol. 41, no. J. Boese and G. Wilhelm, Aur-dn I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie, WZKM 71, 1979, pp. But the Kassites resumed control of Babylonia thanks to Elamite pressure and a successful Babylonian rebellion. 210 f.). A Middle Babylonian Legal Document Raising Problems in Kassite Chronology. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. World History Encyclopedia. Krishna was at once an incarnation of Vishnu and Shiva. 135-38. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. Unique Circular Format see more in less space. What Really Happened Between Ruth and Boaz On The Threshing Floor. Charpin, 1995). M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. In the 207th letter Ipte praises Baal of the sun, for delivering him in battle against the Apiru. Idem, Kassiten, RlA 5, 1976-1980, pp. 59, no. [2] There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Ab-euh, and Amm-ditna. Around 1500 BC. There is not a single connected text in the Kassite language. 2, 2021, pp. They ruled for over 400 years. "10. 113-118. D.O. The Kassites were members of a small military aristocracy but were efficient rulers and locally popular, and their 500-year reign laid an essential groundwork for the development of subsequent Babylonian culture. J. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. Radical changes took place in the military organization as well (see Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 181). A people called the Kassites conquered Babylonia in about 1600 bce. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Its end is dated to 1150 BCE. Christ was descended from Abraham. G. Dosch and K. Deller, Die Familie Kizzuk - sieben Kassitengenerationen in Temtena und uriniwe, in M. A. Morrison, and D. I. Owen, eds., Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians in Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his 75th Birthday, Winona Lake, 1981, pp. Ahmose ruled in the 6th century BCE. J.A. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. 6, no. 6, no. 43 f.; cf. [32][33] The Kassites also extended their power into the Persian Gulf, including at Qal'at al-Bahrain. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. Volume 1 Kardunia. [58] The seals were generally made of stone, glass, or clay. Once Kassite rulers were finally overthrown, they never regained power. 263 f. with lit.). 54, 1992, pp. 23. 45-52. The Kassites retained power for about four hundred years (until 1155 BC). The third people group is thought be Israel. Judges 6:3 | View whole chapter | See verse in context. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. . The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). 470 f.; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. 6969, Albrecht Goetze, "The Kassites and Near Eastern Chronology,", This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 22:04. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Idem, Peoples from the Iranian Plateau in Babylonia during the Second Millennium B.C., Iran 25, 1987, pp. After Babylon came within the Kassite sphere of control its city-god, Marduk was absorbed into the Kassite pantheon. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Once they made it to Babylon, they managed to defeat the weakened Babylonian city state and set themselves up as rulers. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. I read the Bible four times as a child I thought I believed different from everyone else. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. Brinkman, J. And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against . Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. The ruler Shutruk-Nakhkhunte is credited with permanently ending Kassite power. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. When and how did the Twelve Apostles die? 165-74. "18. 412-18. This governor seems to have enjoyed a special, apparently privileged, status among the other provincial governors (Sassmannshausen tends to compare his role to that of a chief minister of the state: Kanzler). The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. Provincial Administration in Babylonia under the Second Dynasty of Isin. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. 125-145, Potts, Daniel T. (1999). The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. A. Kassites. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Jahresband, 1969, pp. And the flood was in 1656 from Adam. 469 f.; Dosch and Deller, 1981), as well as in Middle Assyrian documents (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 470; cf.
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