. See full answer below. Cyrillic has a finite number of letters that you can match to their corresponding sounds in small batches. [8] The objective was to make it possible to have Christian service in Slavic tongue, instead of in Greek, which locals . Saints Cyril and Methodius "Cyril and Methodius, Saints) 869 and 884, respectively, "Greek missionaries, brothers, called Apostles to the Slavs and fathers of Slavonic literature. In 1918, more unnecessary letters were removed, leaving the alphabet in its current state in many Slavic Orthodox countries. ", Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, Oxford History of the Christian Church, J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth, Oxford University Press, 2010, "Croats Revive Forgotten Cyrillic Through Stone", Towards a digital infrastructure for Kildin Saami, " III (National Plan for Mongol Script III)", Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic, Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016 Macedonian protests-Colorful Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_alphabets&oldid=1142200504, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The Hard Sign ( ) indicates no palatalization, When an iotated vowel (vowel whose sound begins with. Cyrillic handwriting, 17th century . The Greek alphabet was originally the Greek alphabet with various changes . In 1989 publication began again in the other Karelian dialects and Latin alphabets were used, in some cases with the addition of Cyrillic letters such as . The current form of the Cyrillic Alphabet saw first use in 1708 during Peter the Great of Russia's reign. Non-Slavic alphabets are generally modelled after Russian, but often bear striking differences, particularly when adapted for Caucasian languages. El cirlico suele asociarse con los idiomas eslavos como el ruso y el blgaro, pero aunque el alfabeto fue diseado para los idiomas en esa familia, esa no es una regla rgida. The alphabet used for the modern Church Slavonic language in Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic rites still resembles early Cyrillic. It's the year when Kazakhstan will switch from Cyrillic to Latin alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet is used in both Slavic and non-Slavic countries, including in Turkic and Persian nations from Central Asia to Eastern Europe. Which EU countries use Cyrillic alphabet? In addition, Bulgarian uses different lettering for similar sounds than Russian does; for example, Bulgarian uses and instead of , and like its neighbor country does. The Turkey is literally surrounded by different form of scripts. There are various systems for Romanization of Cyrillic text, including transliteration to convey Cyrillic spelling in Latin letters, and transcription to convey pronunciation. 300 million people Answer (1 of 5): Peoples of some Slavic countries and of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 1 What countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? El alfabeto cirlico ha atravesado varios ajustes, transformaciones e iteraciones hasta convertirse en las letras que conocemos hoy en da. The word "Cyrillic" was derived from his name, "Cyril". Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example = = , as were typographical variants like = . Peoples of some Slavic countries and of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Today there are 12 Slavic languages: Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbo-Croatian. Certain letters are handwritten differently, as seen in the adjacent image. In Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, the use of Cyrillic to write local languages has often been a politically controversial issue since the collapse of the Soviet Union, as it evokes the era of Soviet rule and Russification. For those who are eager to learn the Cyrillic alphabet, knowledge of the Russian language can prove extremely handy, as the latter is drawn heavily from the former. Which country invented the Cyrillic alphabet? 11324: "Es interesante el hecho que en Bulgaria se imprimieron unas pocas publicaciones en alfabeto cirlico blgaro y en Grecia en alfabeto griego Nezirovi (1992: 128) anota que tambin en Bosnia se ha encontrado un documento en que la lengua sefard est escrita en alfabeto cirilico." The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th century AD (in all probability in Ravna Monastery) at the Preslav Literary School by Saint Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum and replaced the earlier Glagolitic script developed by the Byzantine theologians Cyril and Methodius (in all probability in Polychron). In the 1930s, some of those languages were switched to the Uniform Turkic Alphabet. [17][18][19][20][21], Bosnian Cyrillic, widely known as Bosanica[22][23] is an extinct variant of the Cyrillic alphabet that originated in medieval Bosnia. I couldn't find the female equivalent, by my limited knowledge of Russian I would assume it's something like "" (this is a straightforward Cyrillic rendition of Pavel's "girevichka") but the actual Russian noun might be different. [42] Other Cyrillic alphabets include the Molodtsov alphabet for the Komi language and various alphabets for Caucasian languages. Some experts think this decision highlights the cooling in relations between Kazakhstan and Russia, a desire to distance away . On this page are stamps inscribed using Cyrillic writing. This system of letters is also used in countries of Central Asia. It is also widely spread through out Uzbekistan. Macedonian. With the orthographic reform of Saint Evtimiy of Tarnovo and other prominent representatives of the Tarnovo Literary School of the 14th and 15th centuries, such as Gregory Tsamblak and Constantine of Kostenets, the school influenced Russian, Serbian, Wallachian and Moldavian medieval culture. Hoy, casi 50 idiomas en todas partes del este de Europa, Asia Central y Siberia usan el cirlico como su alfabeto oficial. In Russian, syllabaries, especially the Japanese kana, are commonly referred to as 'syllabic azbukas' rather than 'syllabic scripts'. Additionally, the letter , representing /je/ in Russian, is instead pronounced /e/ or //, with /je/ being represented by e. Sounds are transcribed in the IPA. In other Slavic languages that use the Cyrillic script, the sounds are represented by Ye ( ), which represents in Russian and Belarusian [je] in initial and postvocalic position or [e] and palatalizes the preceding consonant. In 1708, Peter the Great, one of the Czars of Russia, introduced lower case characters, and made it mandatory to use Westernized letter forms. Turkeys neighbors Bulgaria, Greece, Armenia, Georgia, Syria, and Azerbaijan are using Cyrillic (), Greek (), Armenian ( ), Georgian (), Arabic () and . Spellings of names transliterated into the Roman alphabet may vary, especially (y/j/i), but also (gh/g/h) and (zh/j). Each Cyrillic alphabetic character has a pair consisting of an uppercase letter and a lowercase letter. Today, nearly 50 languages throughout parts of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Siberia use Cyrillic as their official script. About half of them are in Russia. The Cyrillic alphabet is used in both Slavic and non-Slavic countries, including in Turkic and Persian nations from Central Asia to Eastern Europe. The Cyrillic alphabet is used in about 50 countries. The widely accepted division of the Slavic languages into three groupsEast, West, and South. The Slavic languages, spoken by some 315 million people. It is not clear that the transition will be made at all. [citation needed]. Por ejemplo: Otras letras no tienen una contraparte idntica en latn. Estos son dos de mis favoritos: El cirlico puede parecer un poco chocante al principio, en especial cuando te encuentras con varios caracteres poco familiares a la vez, pero no te desanimes! Here's why it holds court in Russia as opposed to a Latin-based alphabet. The little accents over these Cyrillic letters are a surefire way to tell Macedonian apart from Serbian. Some of the most major ones were the changes made by the famous printer and publisher Ivan Fyodorov. Cue Cyril and Methodius! Adlam (slight influence from Arabic) 1989 CE. You might notice that several Cyrillic letters look and sound extremely similar to letters in the Latin alphabet. Algunas de estas, como , y provienen del alfabeto glagoltico y podran presentar un desafo a primera vista. In Microsoft Windows, the Segoe UI user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8. The Slavic Alphabet. This varied history begins in ninth century Bulgaria with Saint-Czar Boris I, who wanted Bulgarians to adopt Christianity without sacrificing their language and culture. The Cyrillic alphabet is closely based on the Greek alphabet, with about a dozen additional letters invented to represent Slavic sounds not found in Greek. Some of these, such as , , and derive from the Glagolitic script and might present a bit more of a challenge at first glance. The archetypal 33 (or 32, depending on your view of the status of ) letter Cyrillic alphabet is actually AFAIK only used by Russian. The Cyrillic script is used by many languages in Eastern Europe and Asia, but not all Slavic languages and countries use it. The Cyrillic script currently used for Kazakh has 42 symbols (33 derived from the Russian alphabet plus nine for additional Kazakh sounds). It was first developed on the initiative of Czar Simon the Great of Bulgaria. also adopted Cyrillic alphabets, and during the Great Purge in the late 1930s, all of the Latin alphabets of the peoples of the Soviet Union were switched to Cyrillic as well (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were occupied and annexed by Soviet Union in 1940, and were not affected by this change). Between Ze ( ) and I ( ) is the letter, Between Es ( ) and Te ( ) is the letter, The letter Dze ( ), from Macedonian, is used in scientific literature when representing the, = the second element of closing diphthongs (, , etc.) Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Avar is a Caucasian language, spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, of the Russian Federation, where it is co-official together with other Caucasian languages like Dargwa, Lak, Lezgian and Tabassaran. Cyrillic was created to bring the lands of Rus under the Orthodox umbrella. If youre interested in learning any of these languages or if youre just generally curious about the Cyrillic script and its rich history, weve got you covered! The Cyrillic script was used for the Bashkir language after the winter of 1938.