WebThe Healthy Forests Initiative (HFI), officially the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Pub. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive Species are being lost at an alarming rate. Sharma is adamant that the impact of even very small forests on local communities is significant enough to matter. ; Llamas, N.E. In. Stimulating seedling growth in early stages of secondary forest succession: a modeling approach to guide tree liberation. Fonti, V.; DellAnno, A.; Beolchini, F. Does bioleaching represent a biotechnological strategy for remediation of contaminated sediments? Pu, H.; Mastoi, A.K. Everyone agrees that this overcrowding makes our forests more susceptible to wildfire, disease, and insect infestation. The detection limit was 5.0 mg/kg. 2010), as at least two-thirds of terrestrial organisms are associated with forests and particularly tropical rainforests, due to their uniquely rich biodiversity (FAO and UNEP 2020; Wilson & Peter 1988).Indeed, the fragmentation of Land crabs as key drivers in tropical coastal forest recruitment. ; Saltus, C.L. Scientists think that planting trees could reverse climate change, but planting trees isn't as simple as it sounds. Engineering and microstructure properties of contaminated marine sediments solidified by high content of incinerated sewage sludge ash. Beneficial use of dredged sediment as a sustainable practice forrestoring coastal marsh habitat. ; Dias Milanez, C.R. A lock ( ; Gregory, A. Along with the Cubans love for music, there is a love for dance as well. Development of a Novel Binder Using Lime and Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash to Stabilize and Solidify Contaminated Marine Sediments with High Water Content as a Fill Material. We must protect our communities first, as the Healthy Forests Initiative does with its commitment to managed lands near the wildland/urban interface. This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology, Peoples Republic of China [Grant number 2020YFC1908603], Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [Grant number 21YF1449100, 21230714500], and Tongji University [Grant number 22120210533, 2022-4-YB-11]. ; Saltus, C.L. A rainforest in Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Identifying high-risk areas, supporting emergency response, and recovering damages from physical events such as vessel groundings all play a role in reducing damage to The site is secure. Reduced impact logging (RIL) is the intensively planned and carefully controlled implementation of timber harvesting operations to minimize environmental impacts on forest stands and soils. 2010 Dec;58(4):1271-82. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v58i4.5411. Fidalgo-Used, N.; Blanco-Gonzlez, E.; Sanz-Medel, A. Yet the costs of projected climate change dont stop there. ; Jamali, M.K. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Effect of soil washing and liming on bioavailability of heavy metals in acid contaminated soil. Date: Friday, 5 Aug 2022, 11 am- 2pm EDT, 3-6pm GMT. Wang, Z.; Li, B.; Sun, Y.; Yang, W. Leaching remediation of dredged marine sediments contaminated with heavy metals. Using this four-category system, along with his surveys of these sites and his knowledge of PNV and phytosociology, Miyawaki designed his own system for planting forests. Raenovi, D.; Kerkez, D.; Pilipovi, D.T. 5561-5573, The New Phytologist, Vol. and transmitted securely. Many restoration projects focus on individual sites, and dont take the surrounding areas or the ; Krcmar, D.S. Additionally, frugivores visited large islands more often, and for longer time periods, than small islands, thereby increasing the likelihood of a dispersal event there. Gu, C.; Liang, L.; Chen, Z. Furthermore, the environmental impact of these technologies should also be continuously monitored and analyzed. ; Gabor, T.S. Washing batch test of contaminated sediment: The case of Augusta Bay (SR, Italy). 8600 Rockville Pike Global warming is global. 4 (December 2006), p. 226, An Analysis of Forestry Carbon Sequestration as a Response to Climate Change, pp. Akcil, A.; Erust, C.; Ozdemiroglu, S.; Fonti, V.; Beolchini, F. A review of approaches and techniques used in aquatic contaminated sediments: Metal removal and stabilization by chemical and biotechnological processes. Conceptualization, Q.X. Tropical forests, in contrast, have few if any coniferous trees; only forests at higher elevations and/or located closer to subtropical zones have coniferous trees Gougar, M.L.D. Help us keep publishing stories that provide scholarly context to the news. 1. ; Redmon, H.J. Friday, August 5, 2022. Kovcs, K.; Halsz, G.; Takcs, A.; Heltai, G.; Szles, .; Gyri, Z.; Horvth, M. Study of ultrasound-assisted sequential extraction procedure for potentially toxic element content of soils and sediments. Seed dispersal limitations shift over time in tropical forest restoration. World-leading rainforest conservation expert and EVP of Biodiversity and Conservation at XPRIZE, Peter Houlihan, believes that if we dont act now to protect our rainforests, we will forever face the consequences. ; Yuan, P.; Cui, X.Y. 195, No. Recycling contaminated sediment into eco-friendly paving blocks by a combination of binary cement and carbon dioxide curing. 2018- Strikers FC Academy . The initiative wisely aims to restore entire forests so we can fulfill our obligation to ensure that our children have the same opportunities to enjoy forests, wildlife and wilderness areas that we have had. ; visualization, Q.X. WebThere are many localized benefits from tropical reforestation that will help the communities over the next forty years as the trees mature from reclaiming traditional parts of their diet A total of 543 seedlings and 41 species established in islands; > 85% were zoochorous. Theres a misconception about rainforests being undervalued, and thats not the case at all their value is recognized but it is over-exploited for short-term gains in totally unsustainable ways. Lock Nanang Sujana, CIFOR. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. The highest removal efficiency of Zn (39%) was in HPC leached samples and Cu (33%) in EDDS leached samples. In the Miyawaki method, trees grow about 10 times faster. The true challenge is if the willingness to overcome greed and commit to our collective survival is great enough and swift enough to course correct in time. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Peng, W.H. In 2011, after proving that Miyawakis method could work for his own experimental backyard forest, he quit his job at Toyota and opened a forest-production company named Afforestt, which practices what Miyawaki preaches: the introduction to a depleted landscape of potential natural vegetation, which is what would naturally occur in that particular place without human intervention. In. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. Ex situ remediation normally has high remediation efficiency and the whole process is under control. ; He, X.A. Some popular forms of dance in Cuba are salsa and ballet. ; Alguacil, F.J.; Padilla, I.; Guerrero, A. ; resources, B.W. Harbor dredged sediment as raw material in fired clay brick production: Characterization and properties. The river Hornd, Slovakia; a fishpond, Gdll. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. ; Wu, S.C. Phytotoxicity of dredged sediment from urban canal as land application. Zhang, Y.; Labianca, C.; Chen, L.; Gisi, S.D. Influence of lead on stabilization/solidification by ordinary Portland cement and magnesium phosphate cement. Cumulative energy consumption is 0.74 kWh/kg. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly ; writingoriginal draft preparation, Q.X. The academy is established to help players from Ghana and across Africa gain recognition and advance their football careers. Tropical forest recovery in pastures is slowed by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, including a lack of adequate seed dispersal and harsh microclimatic extremes. Martnez-Nicols, J.J.; Legua, P.; Hernndez, F.; Martnez-Font, R.; Giordani, E.; Melgarejo, P. Effect of phytoremediated port sediment as an agricultural medium for pomegranate cultivation: Mobility of contaminants in the plant. Recoveries ranged from 80.1 to 93.7% for CRM and from 89 to 107% for spike tests. ; Mahvelati, S.; Fathim, A. Feasibility of using electrokinetics and nanomaterials to stabilize and improve collapsible soils. ; Lista, A.G.; lvarez, M.B. ; Spiga], D. Electrokinetic remediation of metal-polluted marine sediments: Experimental investigation for plant design. WebHere, we evaluated the ability of "tree islands" to serve as "recruitment foci" in a two-year study at three sites in northern Honduras. Forests cool the air and generate oxygen, plus they clean our waters and regulate precipitation and wind. At regional to country scales, methods have been progressively developed to detect and map forest Wang, L.; Shao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Chen, S.; Shao, X. Optimized utilization studies of dredging sediment for making water treatment ceramsite based on an extreme vertex design. Sophorolipid was the most effective ones with the removal efficiency of 39% (Cu) and 70% (Cd). Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peopless Republic of China. Huang, H.M.; Gao, Y.; Wang, Y.X. Many restoration projects focus on individual sites, and dont take the surrounding areas or the ways they are used, managed and accessed by local stakeholders sufficiently into account. But there is hope to be found in the goals set forth by the leaders at COP15 and the innovators, guardians, and conservationists of all backgrounds and skillsets who are persevering through the persistent challenges facing biodiversity to understand and protect tropical forests and their abundance of life before the clock runs out. Safeguard Biodiversity We are currently living in the sixth mass extinction. Yang, X.; Zhao, L.; Haque, M.A. Email Teko Nhlapho: tekoh@nepad.org ; Kazi, T.G. In. ; Wang, Q.M. An official website of the United States government. Toxics 2023, 11, 207. Forest degradation and clearing are major causes of global biodiversity loss (Pereira et al. Rev Biol Trop. This technique is more suitable for coarse particles that heavy metals are weakly associated with due to their low area to volume ratio and negligible surface charge [, EKR is easy to operate and cost-effective. 42, No. ; Ambushe, A.A. Speciation of chromium in river sediments by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted extraction. Bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediment by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in an air-lift bioreactor: Effects of sulfur concentration. An ornamental plant whose white flowers hang over graveyards and temples in Southeast Asia presents complicated questions on national belonging and religious identity. These are short-term economic gains to cutting down this irreplaceable and incredible natural resource, but its a false economy. ; Hanein, T.; Nelson, S.; Provis, J.L. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China. 120. 2023; 11(3):207. Asavapisit, S.; Fowler, G.; Cheeseman, C.R. Experimental Biodiversity Enrichment in Oil-Palm-Dominated Landscapes in Indonesia. 111. Application of hexagonal two dimensional electrokinetic system on the nickel contaminated sediment and modelling the transport behavior of nickel during electrokinetic treatment. Ozer-Erdogan, P.; Basar, H.M.; Erden, I.; Tolun, L. Beneficial use of marine dredged materials as a fine aggregate in ready-mixed concrete: Turkey example. WebPros. In Southern California, we're seeing again that leaving forests alone equates to watching them burn. ; Chen, X.; Song, D.; Qiu, J.; Yang, P. An integrated method for the rapid dewatering and solidification/stabilization of dredged contaminated sediment with a high water content. ; Wunderlin, D.A. 2023 XPRIZE Foundation. ; Roy, D.M. ; Wuilloud, R.G. Animals perish and lose critical habitat when fires ravage landscapes. ; Sahayam, A.C. Microwave assisted extraction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from soil/sediment combined with ion exchange separation and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry detection. ; Chen, Y.H. Tree islands reduced temperature and light (PAR) extremes as compared to open pasture, creating a microenvironment more favorable to seedling establishment. MDPI and/or Diagnosis of soil contamination using microbiological indices: A review on heavy metal pollution. In total, 144 140 seeds belonging to 186 species were collected in islands; more than 80% were grasses. 2010 Jul;20(5):1255-69. doi: 10.1890/09-0714.1. Monoculture forests have carbon benefits204 million acres worth of new plantations could sequester 18.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide by 2050. Rapid determination of total metals: Synergic effect of ultrasound energy and ionic liquids on the digestion of sediment samples. Please, To view this article, download the latest version of. Wen, J.; Hu, Y.; Fang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xing, L.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, G. Humic substances from green waste compost: An effective washing agent for heavy metal (Cd, Ni) removal from contaminated sediments. Trends and Health Risks of Dissolved Heavy Metal Pollution in Global River and Lake Water from 1970 to 2017. On the other hand, the decrease in soil loss was lower for riparian restoration, with a 16% decrease, while the steepest slopes restoration reduced it by 21%. ; Kherbache, S.; Bouzidi, N.; Tahakourt, A.K. However, there are a number of issues associated with the use of planting that raise questions on public and private lands, including cost, quality of genetic stock, and the speed with which restored habitat can be obtained. The U.S. Forest Service has identified 24 million acres of federal land alone that is at the absolute highest risk of catastrophic fire, with a third of that in California, more than any other state. Peng, J.F. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. Suedel, B.C. Bianchi, V.; Masciandaro, G.; Ceccanti, B.; Doni, S.; Iannelli, R. Phytoremediation and Bio-Physical Conditioning of Dredged Marine Sediments for Their Re-Use in the Environment. more Recent Progress on Ex Situ Remediation Technology and Resource Utilization for Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment. eCollection 2014. ; Walling, S.A.; Vigor, J.E. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0464:tfrtia]2.0.co;2. ; Bindler, R. Investigating molecular changes in organic matter composition in two Holocene lake-sediment records from central Sweden using pyrolysis-GC/MS. WebThe authors describe the structure, complexity, and dynamics of tropical rainforest ecosystems. The principles include: 1. Forest degradation is a global phenomenon and while being an important indicator and precursor to further forest loss, carbon emissions due to degradation should also be accounted for in national reporting within the frame of UN REDD+. It may be cut into numerous styles, such as beveled or traditional shingles or shakes. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments-a tributary of the Ganges, India. The S/S sediment complied with the acceptance criteria (GB5085.3-2007) in terms of metal release. Leaching concentration was below the limit of 5 mg/L after 28 days of curing. Chen, Q.Y. Monocultures of trees can also cause harm. lvarez, S.M. Discover the world's research 20+ million members Welcome , we offer all our clients an individual approach and professional service ; Baek, K.; Hou, D.; Ding, S.; Poon, C.S. ; Campos, C.Q. These land use changes are made under the false pretense that they will benefit local communities with jobs and drive economic growth.Wealthy nations drive demand for tropical timber, and cash-strapped governments often grant logging concessions at a fraction of the lands true volume, National Geographic explains. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for Comparison of biosurfactants for heavy metals washing from river sediment. Tropical forests alone store one quarter of a trillion tons of carbon, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). EKR with both MGDA and Tween 80 as processing agents. ; Jalbani, N.; Sarfraz, R.A. Mechanical and microstructure of magnesium potassium phosphate cement with a high concentration of Ni(II) and its leaching toxicity. Possible developments for ex situ phytoremediation of contaminated sediments, in tropical and subtropical regionsReview. For a period of two to three years, the site is monitored, watered, and weeded, to give the nascent forest every chance to establish itself. ; Diamond, A.W. Detection limits were 118 ng/L. He watched as the young, frail plants leafed and flowered, quickly growing tall and thick, as a dozen species of birds moved in to the newly lush habitat, as a thermometer registered coolness beneath the treesa difference of some 5 degrees Celsius from the surrounding aireven in Junes blistering heat. The remains of ancient insects reveal new information about Paleo-Eskimo life and the history of the Norse in Greenland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. ; Dalmacija, B.D. ; Yeung, T.L.Y. Would you like email updates of new search results? Privacy Policy Species are being lost at an alarming rate. (2011) Fire control as a simple means of promoting tropical forest restoration. The Effects of Portland and Sulphoaluminate Cements Solidification/Stabilization on Semi-Dynamic Leaching of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Sediment. ; Vandecasteele, B. Phytoremediation as a management option for contaminated sediments in tidal marshes, flood control areas and dredged sediment landfill sites. 230 15th Road, Midrand, 1685, South Africa. The recoveries were 8098% with the microwave-assisted and 79103% with ultrasonic-assisted, respectively. Miyawaki invented this process, and whatever I understood of the methodology I wrote it as a standard operating procedure, so it could be replicated, says Sharma. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Historically, afforestation was largely seen as a means to generate income from timber and other products. Recycling dredged sediment for construction and building materials can be achieved through cement-based S/S technology. Tree islands increased zoochorous tree seed rain; seed density and species richness were greater in tree islands than in open pasture, and large islands had greater seed density than smaller islands (Gliricidia only), suggesting that they are more effective for restoration. Ecol Appl. Landscape context mediates avian habitat choice in tropical forest restoration. On the laboratorial scale, bioleaching can achieve high remediation efficiency under the best operation conditions, but for large-scale applications, efficiency may be lost due to inhomogeneity and parameter fluctuation or gradient [, Cement-based S/S remediation technology for pollutants has been extensively used during the last few decades. Large-scale reforestation has massive potential to stave off a climate collapse. ; Garrido, M.; Domini, C.E. Disclaimer. Much headway is being made with longleaf pine restoration, for example, using this model. Its also not rare to see rain every day or at least on most days. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Solution chemistry during cement hydration in the presence of metal hydroxide wastes. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal MeSH Effects of epoxy resin on ground-granulated blast furnace slag stabilized marine sediments. Tel: +27 (0) 11 256 3600, Media Contacts official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Ean, L.W. Innovative thermal and physico-chemical treatments for the clean-up of marine sediments dredged from the Augusta Bay (Southern Italy). Risk Assess. With 25% of restoration, sediment export decreased by 78% for riparian restoration, and 27% for the steepest slopes restoration. ; Prica, M.D. Cai, Y.; Gao, H.; Qu, G.; Ning, P.; Hu, Y.; Zou, H.; Ren, N. Research on the efficient water-absorbing ceramsite generated by dredged sediments in Dian Lake-China and coal fly ash. In contrast, growing forests has numerous benefits. ; McQueen, A.D.; Wilkens, J.L. Miyawaki has planted over 40 million trees in this way, in 15 countries, including, especially, his own. Changes in speciation and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in dredged sediment solidified/stabilized with various materials. Calgaro, L.; Badetti, E.; Bonetto, A.; Contessi, S.; Marcomini, A. Chen, W.; Yan, Q.; Xu, Z.; He, F.; Li, Y. ; Chen, B.; Shen, Z. The Healthy Forest Initiative recognizes that we must thin our forests, yet not place an unnecessary burden on taxpayers. WebHome; About. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 37 (Mar., 1914), pp. ; Siddiqui, A.; Kazi, G.H. Yousuf, M.; Mollah, A.; Vempati, R.K.; Lin, T.-C.; Cocke, D.L. Sediment washing is the most typical technique of ex situ technology, which is much simpler and more efficient than others. Dr. But importing these amphibians helps spread diseases like Bsal and Bd to native populations. Tang, P.P. Construction-grade cement production from contaminated sediments using Cement-Lock technology. ; Dubovina, M.; Crba, N.; Krcmar, D.; Dalmaciia, B. The removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil by a combination of sulfidisation and flotation. Teds Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. Reducing or eliminating products that come from forests or rainforests (wood and paper, oil, beef, palm oil, and other products can all come from the clearing of forests) WebSharing the recording of the 3-hour Symposium on Tropical Restoration and Reforestation: Pros and Cons that I co-hosted with Terraformation, the International Society of Tropical ForestersTerraformation, the International Society of Tropical Foresters Humanity needs to be investing in the future of our planet for all life on earth, including our own species., But what can we do about it? Official websites use .gov In the future, it is hoped that polluted sediment can be comprehensively purified, and truly sustainable management of dredged sediment will be achieved. WebPros and cons of tropical forest restoration/reforestation Tom Geary Forest Scientist, Retired, US Forest Service, USA ThomasGeary@hotmail.com Greenhouse gases, especially Steveson, M. Relationships between composition, structure and strength of inorganic polymers. ; Dai, J.G. ; Ding, S.; Poon, C.S. ; Lai, Z.A. Since then, Afforestt has planted over 450,000 trees in 144 tiny, fast-growing forests in 50 cities around the world, helping improve global ecosystems functionality one miniscule but power-packed patch at a time. Total efficiency of removing Ni is more than 62%. A thoughtful and well-strategized global commitment to preserving rainforests wouldnt only protect the plethora of life within them but the people hit hardest by these climate shifts people in the Global South, in coastal areas, on islands, as well as people in farming and agriculture industries, who feel the disastrous effects of a changing climate first and worst. ; Luxton, T.; Bronstein, K.E. ; Taha, Y.; Elghali, A.; Mabroum, S.; Hakkou, R.; Benzaazoua, M. Green and low-carbon cement for stabilization/solidification. 205-233, Foreign Policy, No. ; Kwak, D.H. Role and applicability of bubble flotation model in sediment remediation in natural water systems. Green remediation of contaminated sediment by stabilization/solidification with industrial by-products and CO. Du, J.; Bu, Y.; Guo, S.; Tian, L.; Shen, Z. Barjoveanu, G.; Gisi, S.D. Epub 2022 Nov 14. You may unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the provided link on any marketing message. The HCl was verified as the most effective acid solutions, followed by HNO, HS from the peanut straw, sesame straw, corn straw and deciduous leaves. Cai, Z.; Sun, Y.; Deng, Y.; Zheng, X.; Sinkkonen, A. ; supervision, B.W. ; Gamma, A.; Liechti, M.; Huber, T. Cement-Lock. In Proceedings of the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Biennial Mixed Waste Symposium, Baltimore, MD, USA, 711 August 1995; pp. Every molecule of CO2 traps heat in Earths atmosphere, regardless of whether the CO2 comes from the tailpipe of a car, the smokestack of a coal-fired power plant, or the burning of a tropical tree. Hexagonal two dimensional electrokinetic system with solar panels. Seedling density did not differ among treatments (mean 0.2 seedlings/m2 for islands vs. 0.1 seedlings/m2 for pasture), although an increasing trend in tree islands over the course of two years suggests that seedling recruitment is accelerated there. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Open-pasture "islands" of equal sizes served as controls. EKR enhanced by CA and biosurfactants (rhamnolipids and saponin). Droughts caused by climate change are making areas more fire-prone in dry seasons. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030207, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. ; Campbell PG, C.; Bisson, M.X. Planting forests can also help reduce fertilizer runoff into rivers that causes algae blooms and create wildlife corridors between one isolated verdant bit and another. Strikers FC Academy is focused on football development for players in Ghana and across Africa. But in 2009, while working on assembly line and dispatch systems at a Toyota plant in Karnataka, Sharma was captivated by a presentation given by Akira Miyawaki. Jiang, H.; Liu, G.; Shan, H.E. Gisi, S.D. L. 108148 (text)), is a law proposed by President George W. Bush following the forest fires of 2002 which was devastatingly widespread. ; Rogers, J.D. Pozzolanic materials themselves are not cementitious, but when pozzolanic cement is hydrated, reactive oxides (e.g., SiO, CSA are traditionally composed of yeelimite (major phase), belite, ferrite, ternesite, anhydrite (and/or gypsum), or mayenite [, MC are now receiving attention due to its great performance for solidifying heavy metals, especially for magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) and magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) cement [, Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are prepared by the reaction of an aluminosilicate precursor (e.g., slag, fly ash, hybrid binders) with an alkali activator, including geopolymers [, Thermal processes that use heat to process waste include thermal desorption, incineration, vitrification, and thermoplastic polymer processes [. Oecologia. 2023. OPC is a simple and cost-effective solidifying material but it has some defects of high greenhouse gases emissions, high porosity, and high pollutants leaching levels [. ; Wu, J.Q. 2015 Jun;25(4):1072-82. doi: 10.1890/14-1399.1. ; Domini, C.E. An engineer with a native zeal for quantifying systems, Sharma turned Miyawakis method into a set of assembly line instructions.