2010;62(12):361524. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in They then resolve quickly. But the flu itself also can cause Guillain-Barr Syndrome; in fact, the syndrome occurs17 times more frequentlyafter natural flu infection than after vaccination. Plasma exchange can be used in those who do not respond to IVIG. 2021;325(7):63244. 8600 Rockville Pike Di Spirito F, Contaldo M, Amato A, Di Palo MP, Pantaleo G, Amato M. Oral Dis. Absent new data, we reiterate the general observation that toxicity from recombinant proteins results from inadvertently activating the immune system and off-target binding, which may manifest as type II or III hypersensitivity. 2022;399(10323):46172. Anaphylaxis, a severe type of allergic reaction, can occur after any kind of vaccination. The type and location of the rashes were not detailed. Those who received the vaccine reported more adverse events than those who received the placebo, usually lymphadenopathy in the arm and neck. This past year, more than 4,500 employees activated their My Health Rewards account, and more than 3,400 logged enough healthy behaviors to receive a payout of $50 or more. UABs AWARE program provides confidential disability-management services when an employees job is affected by a physical, mental or emotional impairment. Nakazawa F, Kannemeier C, Shibamiya A, Song Y, et al. The exception is for people who normally take these types of OTC pain medications as part of their routine to manage another medical condition. Michael Chary. COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of biological, pharmacological characteristics and adverse effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines. The second and third vaccine injections did not further increase the incidence of adverse reactions. 2021;39(22):3081101. An analysis of self-reports from 3236 Iranian healthcare workers in Mazandaran, Iran, who were vaccinated with Sputnik V (mean age 39.32, 61.2% women) reported pain (56.9%), fatigue (50.9%), body pain (43.9%), headache (35.7%), fever (32.9%), joint pain (30.3%), chills (29.8%), and drowsiness (20.3%) as the most common side effects [114]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00241-5. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. 2022;386(22):2097111. Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of REGEN-COV (casirivimab and imdevimab).2021. https://www.fda.gov/media/145611/download. Anaesthesia, surgery, and life-threatening allergic reactions: epidemiology and clinical features of perioperative anaphylaxis in the 6th National Audit Project (NAP6). The most common adverse events reported 7days after the first or booster vaccine were fever (62 patients, 48%), fatigue (40 patients, 31%), and headache (46 patients, 35%) [107]. Take a walk around campus to find a little-known green space closest to you and take a moment for mindfulness using this Google Map we created just for you. Possible side effects of Paxlovid include impaired sense of taste, diarrhea, high blood pressure and muscle aches. The BLAZE-1 clinical trial also evaluated the combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab, which did reduce viral load. The background incidence of myocarditis in this age group is 0.2 to 1.9 per million persons [77, 87]. The common side effects for the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccines include things like pain and swelling on your arm where you get the shot, and flu-like symptoms including fatigue, headache, fever and chills. IL-6 binding to IL-6R promotes the transcription of acute phase proteins, T cell differentiation, and antibody production. Fatigue 3.8%. There was no description of the rash nor any discussion of infusion-related reactions. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2109730. It is not clear how COVID variants such as the highly infectious Delta mutation first seen in India may affect patients. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Available at. Side effects from the second shot tend to be worse than the first. As UAB transitions to remote teaching and workinresponse to the global outbreak of COVID-19,employees can still access telemental health services at no cost. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(18):680684. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20041021. https://doi.org/10.2196/30529. The concern is that pre-treating with pain medications that reduce fevers and inflammation (like acetaminophen and ibuprofen) could dampen your immune system's response to the vaccine. A bad case of COVID-19 can produce scarring and other permanent problems in the lungs, but even mild infections can cause persistent shortness of breath getting winded easily after even light exertion. Common COVID-19 vaccine side effects include: Redness or soreness at injection site. Accessed 26 Feb 2022 from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2022-01-05/02-covid-su-508.pdf. Vaccine COVID-19 Monitoring Readiness protocol; The AESI list changes based on the evolving safety profile of vaccines. Common (not rare) side effects of COVID-19 vaccine. Online ahead of print. Out of 8,674,378 administered doses, 16 associated cases of myocarditis were reported to VAERS. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00958-x. 2021;144(6):5025. UABs Student Counseling Services and the Mental Health Ambassadors are creating special resources for students who are struggling to adjust during the current novel coronavirus pandemic. Sato K, Mano T, Niimi Y, Toda T, Iwata A, Iwatsubo T. Int J Infect Dis. Vaccines (Basel). nausea. After his second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, he had a . This free tool, available to employees and their families through a UAB partnership, lets users practice quick techniques to relieve tension, find calm, create positive thoughts and manage stress. The dose authorized is 12mg/kg for those less than 30kg and 8mg/kg up to 800mg for those heavier than 30kg. 2016;64(6):140315. 2021 Jan;22(2):70-71. doi: 10.1038/s41432-021-0178-y. Vaccines, given in one- or two-shot doses, are very different from medicines that people take every day, potentially for years, Goepfert says. These might include swelling, pain, redness, an itchy rash, and other mild forms of . https://doi.org/10.4161/mabs.2.3.11782. These results have already sparked several new programs and initiatives; anyone can contribute ideas and perspectives following a second seminar Nov. 16. 2022 Nov 25;10(12):2012. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10122012. The infusion had to be stopped in 3 because of urticaria, dyspnea, chest tightness, and vomiting. UAB also encourages applications from individuals with disabilities and veterans. The general risks associated with plasma transfusion are acute lung injury, circulatory overload, allergic/anaphylactic reactions, transmission of infections, febrile hemolytic and non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, and RBC alloimmunization. 2021;21(2):18192. Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody used to treat head and neck cancer illustrates adverse effects from off-target binding. It was hoped that APN01 would prevent SARS-CoV-2 from entering the cell just as it did for the structurally similar SARS-CoV-1. J. Med. Hepatology. Marshall M, Ferguson ID, Lewis P, Jaggi P, et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-021-2615-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-021-2615-x. It is a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine designed to generate antibodies against the S protein. Extracellular RNA mediates endothelial-cell permeability via vascular endothelial growth factor. Most reported myocarditis cases resolved either spontaneously or with the standard interventions for myocarditis. VAERS surveys a larger group than do clinical trials, allowing VAERS to detect rarer events or events in populations the clinical trials did not study. We include case reports even though they cannot demonstrate causality, because they often provide the first description of severe toxicity. The 1st dose should give you some protection from 3 or 4 weeks after you've had it. A simple and perhaps simplistic conversion is to multiply the rate per dose by the number of doses. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is not approved for use in the United States but is in many parts of the world. 2021;4(8):e2122255. Publicly available data on BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines were accessed from the relevant regulatory authorities in the United States, Canada, European Union and United Kingdom. Zhang Y, Zeng G, Pan H, Li C, et al. myStrength to help employees improve mental, emotional well-being, 2023 The University of Alabama at Birmingham. UAB - The University of Alabama at Birmingham, survey of parents with children ages 12-15, vaccines are still protective against Delta, 2023 The University of Alabama at Birmingham. Custers J, Kim D, Leyssen M, Gurwith M, et al. Accessed 12 Dec2022. None of the COVID vaccines uses a weakened form of the SARS-CoV-2 virus all train the body to recognize a piece of the virus known as the spike protein and generate antibodies that can attack the virus in case of a real infection. If it happens, healthcare providers can effectively and immediately treat the reaction. An earlier COVID-19 infection, but not what's known as. Available from. 2009;1(2):10411. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. p. 41048. ZF2001 contains a tandem-repeat dimeric form of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S protein as the antigen and aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. PubMed 2021;325(11):11012. The highest incidence occurred in those ages 30 to 39 (10.6 cases per million vaccine doses), followed by those 40 to 49years of age (9.0 cases per million vaccine doses). Monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma have similar infusion-related reactions. As you prepare for your much-anticipated vaccine appointment (to check your vaccine eligibility status, you can use NBC News'plan your vaccine tool), you might be wondering if there's anything you can do to mitigate these normal, but uncomfortable, side effects. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Nov;28 Suppl 2:2639-2640. doi: 10.1111/odi.14361. COVID-19 vaccines have to go through several stages of clinical trials before they can be approved for use. Symptomatic acute myocarditis in 7 adolescents after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. An official website of the United States government. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This past year, more than 4,700 employees activated their My Health Rewards account, and more than 3,600 logged enough healthy behaviors to receive a payout of $50 or more. People who already had COVID are more likely to experience swollen lymph nodes after vaccination. Lancet Infect Dis. The CDC reported an additional 17 cases of thrombosis with thrombocytosis in 8 million doses administered [52]. Accessed 22 Mar 2022. 2019;575:S43. Gupta A, Gonzalez-Rojas Y, Juarez E, Crespo Casal M, et al. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1306&context=honorstheses (accessed December 2020). An abnormal echocardiogram was reported in 39% with 15% having LVEF<50% [77]. Interim results of a phase 12a trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 vaccine. Among men, the highest incidence and mortality was seen in ages 40 to 49 with 4.3 cases per million vaccines doses and 0.7 deaths per million vaccine doses, respectively [97]. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2021 Feb;27(2):170-172. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.013. Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorisation (EUA) of bamlanivimab and etesevimab authorized use treatment. 2021;35(6):166170. Yang B, Fulcher JA, Ahn J, Berro M, et al. Diffuse ST elevations were seen in 9 (60%) of the patients at time of hospital admission. Khiali S, Khani E, Entezari-Maleki T. A comprehensive review of tocilizumab in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. That is the most troubling unknown for me.. RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Pediatrics. 4 "The long-term side effects of COVID infection are a major concern," Goepfert said. GLS-5300 is a DNA vaccine that encodes the S protein of MERS-CoV, the coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Without integrating itself into the host DNA, the sequence is transcribed into mRNA and translated into the amino acid sequence for the S protein, which is subsequently expressed on the surface of host cells inducing an immune response [42]. Accessed 27 Feb 2022, Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Reactions & Adverse Events. 2021;384(3):22937. Oster ME, Shay DK, Su JR, Gee J, et al. 2021;326(1):3545. 2022;146(10):74354. Emotional intelligence is the top trait of effective leaders. 2021. https://www.fda.gov/media/150320/download. And in fact, this has never occurred with any vaccine.". J Community Health. Findings include: Anaphylaxis after COVID-19 vaccination: 2-5 cases per million doses, or 1,655 reactions among the 331 million vaccines given as of July 10 (.0006%) Severe allergic reactions are not limited to COVID-19 vaccines; they can occur after any vaccine and are still exceedingly rare. These patients raised antibodies against platelet factor 4 but had not received heparin [96]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2021;385(15):138292. 2014;355(3):63545. Between December and June, "we have seen the more-rare things that you don't find until you start giving the vaccines to millions of people, the side effects that occur in about one in 100,000 or one in a million people," Goepfert said. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in But because we have had so many people vaccinated, we actually have far more safety data than we have had for any other vaccine, and these COVID vaccines have an incredible safety track record. Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) and Sputnik Light are nonreplicating adenovirus viral vector vaccines developed by the Gamalia Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Moscow, Russia. As of June 12, 2021, more than 2.33 billion COVID vaccine doses have been administered worldwide, according to the New York Times vaccinations tracker. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. Circulation. Monoclonal antibodies supplement the bodys immune response by helping the body identify SARS-CoV-2 virus particles, in effect providing ready-made beacons to the immune system while it is developing its own [11]. Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19. Article Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination - a case series. Agresti N, Lalezari JP, Amodeo PP, Mody K, et al. REGEN-COV antibody combination and outcomes in outpatients with Covid-19. The side effects seen in these studies, and again in the nationwide rollouts that began in December 2020, "were tolerability issues," Goepfert said: "mainly things like arm pain and fatigue and headache. Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie JK, Cleary P, et al. The most reported symptoms from clinical trials across age groups after the first and second doses were: pain at injection site (78.4% and 73.3%, respectively), fatigue (42.9% and 53.6%), headache (35.3% and 45.0%), muscle pain (17.0% and 28.2%), and chills (12.1% and 27.0%) [63]. 2022;9:951314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.951314. Secondary Outcome Measures : Neither publication presented data on adverse events. 2020;16(3):28494. 2021;373:n912. We have all seen billboards and TV infomercials from law firms seeking people harmed by diet drugs or acid-reflux medicines for class-action lawsuits. -, Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al. In the case of the two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, well over 90% of people immunized developed the protective adaptive immune response while fewer than 50% developed any side effects, and most were mild. Your IP: We all have seen billboards and TV infomercials from law firms seeking people harmed by diet drugs or acid-reflux medicines for class-action lawsuits. None of the COVID vaccines uses a weakened form of the SARS-CoV-2 virus all train the body to recognize a piece of the virus known as the spike protein and generate antibodies that can attack the virus in case of a real infection. B Well UAB helps students easily access resources on mobile devices and build a self-care plan that encourages healthy habits. Chinas CoronaVac and Sinopharm vaccines, used in China as well as 54 other countries, account for almost half of the 7.3 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses delivered globally [99]. 2020;382:19691973. J Natl Med Assoc. and transmitted securely. Its genetic sequence resembles SARS-CoV-1, a beta-coronavirus that caused the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic in 2003. Weekly meetings of the Grief Recovery Method Support Group will begin Feb. 20. This study included patients 18years or older whose symptoms began within the last 5days with at least 1 risk factor for disease progression (2). FDA grants Dupixent (dupilumab) Breakthrough Therapy designation for eosinophilic esophagitis * Designation based on positive results from Part A of pivotal Phase 3 trial * Dupixent is the first and only biologic to show positive and clinically-meaningful Phase 3 results in patients 12 years and older with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) * There are currently no FDA-approved treatments for . Afrifa-Anane GF, Larbi RT, Addo B, Agyekum MW, Kyei-Arthur F, Appiah M, Agyemang CO, Sakada IG. Google Scholar. Fewer than 6% of patients experienced nausea or diarrhea, which were comparable to placebo groups. N Engl J Med. (Photo by: Andrea Mabry) In his nearly 30 years studying vaccines, Paul Goepfert, M.D., director of the Alabama Vaccine Research Clinic at theUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, has never seen any vaccine as effective as the three COVID vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson currently available in the United States. Adverse events affecting the orofacial region were reported for both vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). Eighteen of the 23 were also receiving convalescent plasma, remdesivir, tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, or sarilumab [19]. Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6: from basic science to medicine40 years in immunology. On December 11, 2020, the COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine became the first to receive EUA by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of COVID-19 in patients 16years and older [60], later extending approval for children 5years and older [61, 62]. Muscle aches. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1967. Fischer S, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Noll T, Preissner KT. University of Florida, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-08-040691. -, Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J. 2022 Dec;114(6):601-612. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2022.08.003. By looking up grey literature, I have found only one study where only three participants (9%) who received the influenza vaccine got oral side effects associated with flu-like symptoms, thus implying that no statistically significant relationship could be established.3 Owing to the mass vaccination strategies of COVID-19, dentists among other clinical specialists are supposed to provide care to the recently vaccinated patients - at this moment, Hill's criteria of causal inference and rigorous anamnestic recording should be strictly followed before jumping to irrelevant conclusions. Individuals who receive a bivalent COVID-19 vaccine may experience side effects commonly reported by individuals who receive authorized or approved monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.. Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19. Now, a "Covid arm" is different from a skin reaction that . Nationwide effectiveness of five SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Hungary-the HUN-VE study. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.).Division of Viral Diseases. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2020;288:198114. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021211430. A similar association has been reported for the smallpox and influenza vaccines [88, 89]. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1583. One case of urticaria 48h after a patient received the 6g injection was reported and the patient recovered after being treated with chlorpheniramine and dexamethasone with no recrudescence after the second dose of vaccine. Myocarditis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination. UAB also encourages applications from individuals with disabilities and veterans. 2015;10(3):e0118283. Up to 10 percent of people who have COVID experience side effects" such as difficulty thinking, pain, tiredness, loss of taste and depression. Perlman S, Masters PS. Understanding the structure is important for understanding the toxicity of monoclonal antibodies that bind to specific parts of the S protein, which creates the potential for each monoclonal antibody to have unique off-target effects. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 in outpatients with Covid-19. In the last 2years, the monoclonal antibodies, protein vaccines, and more mRNA vaccines emerged. In the absence of direct evidence, we expect drugs of a similar class to have similar toxicity. Protein vaccines against COVID-19 contain the soluble SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein with adjuvants added to the formulation to bolster robust humoral and cellular immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2. (Photo by: Steve Wood)The only vaccine program that might compare with the scale and speed of the COVID rollout is the original oral polio vaccine in the 1950s. Virus Res. The certification, normally $1,500, is $650 for students and $750 for nonstudents. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adverse Effects and Allergic Reactions after COVID-19 Vaccines in a Mexican Population: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine - United States, December 1423, 2020. Lung recovery after COVID-19 is possible, but takes time. Epub 2022 Oct 28. Introduction: Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. A smaller number of cases have occurred with Johnson & Johnson's vaccine as well, Goepfert said. Chen P, Nirula A, Heller B, Gottlieb RL, et al. The site is secure. "The vaccine side effects from COVID-19 vaccines are generally the same as with other vaccines except for the rare episodes of myocarditis in young men which can be circumvented by increasing the . The most common side effects following COVID-19 vaccines are fatigue, a fever, headaches, body aches, chills, nausea, diarrhea, and pain at the site of injection, according to the World. 4 patients (2 in the ZF2001 group and 2 in the placebo group) developed hypersensitivity reactions. This paper, along with its companion that covers xenobiotics and alternative remedies, is an update to our 2020 paper. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7018e2. J Am Coll Cardiol. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (2023). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(35):12281232. Iftikhar H, Noor SMU, Masood M, Bashir K. Cureus. The Moderna COVID-19 vaccines local reactions, systemic reactions, adverse events, and serious adverse events. N Engl J Med. Safety data on recombinant protein infusions are not available and the paucity of publications suggests little ongoing development. Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine for COVID-19. Detectable serum severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load (RNAemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 level in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. As of this writing, the Moderna, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Novavax (a protein vaccine not discussed here) are approved by the FDA. N Engl J Med 2021;384(19):18241835. Abnormal liver tests in COVID-19: a retrospective observational cohort study of 1,827 patients in a major U.S. hospital network. That is not to say that there have never been safety issues with vaccines. Bell's palsy following vaccination with mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a case series and nested case-control study. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202102_24877. See a study on these cases in the AstraZeneca vaccine in the New England Journal of Medicine here and a report from the British governments regulatory agency here. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-020-00777-5. In virtually all cases, vaccine side effects are seen within the first two months after rollout. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2029849. Lancet Reg Health Eur. Safety and immunotoxicity assessment of immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies. Tanriover MD, Doanay HL, Akova M, Gner HR, et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.018. Extracellular RNA is a natural cofactor for the (auto-)activation of Factor VII-activating protease (FSAP). Think eating healthier is too expensive to try? You need 2 doses for stronger and longer-lasting protection. PLoS Med. 2022;28(3):398404. Treatments included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, aspirin, glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, beta blockers, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [74, 76, 77]. Heres how to get help, Contact AWARE if you need personal health accommodations for campus entry, Distance mental health support expands for students as online instruction continues, Take a moment to assess your mental well-being, Distance counseling services available to students during remote instruction, Making your emotions work for you and against COVID19, 6 ways to stay healthy while keeping your distance, Heres a plan for positive coping in the time of COVID19, EACC offering distance counseling, online resources for off-campus employees, response to the global outbreak of COVID-19, New program to help employees move beyond loss, 8 wallet-friendly ways to eat foods that are good and good for you. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2202261. The mainstay of treatment of TTS is 2 gm/kg IVIG given over 25days and anticoagulation, avoiding heparin or Vitamin K antagonists. Voleti N, Reddy SP, Ssentongo P. Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is also not a live vaccine but, instead, what's known as a viral vector vaccine. Vok Z, Kiss Z, Surjn G, Surjn O, et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. The UAB Employee Assistance and Counseling Center will be eligible for up to 15 free counseling sessions and 15 free life-coaching sessions per calendar year, an increase from 12 per year in response to an increase in mental health and wellness needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, according to the data, a tiny. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Haq HN, Khan H, Chaudhry H, Nimmala S, Demidovich J, Papudesi BN, Potluri SD. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31487. This combination therapy was also approved for post exposure prophylaxis for unvaccinated or immunosuppressed individuals who came into close contact with a COVID positive individual, ideally within 10days of symptom onset. Of the 1991 cases reported to VAERS between December 14, 2020, and August 31, 2021, following at least 1 dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines, in individuals older than 12years of age, 1626 met the CDCs definition of probable or confirmed myocarditis: 1,136 (70%) after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and 490 (30%) after the Moderna vaccine.