Mahadasha.com and the team have been researching Vedic astrology and Nadi Shastra. So the Libra ascendant borns will suffer due to greediness, will be harassed in lodges, misappropriate funds in societies, have troubles in fulfilling desires, experience turn of fortunes into misfortunes, misfortunes in their employment opportunities and will face dejections in their desires. Cancer is ruled by MOONhence MOON will be the lord of this house. They will always have a breakeven in their income and expenditure. Libra Ascendant. Your email address will not be published. It also makes these people spiritually . Gemini, the 3rd sign of Kaalpurusha is the 9th house to Libra. The eighth house is a succedent house (like the second, fifth and eleventh houses). Hence, it is an extremely beneficial planet for Libra ascendants. If you are a Virgo ascendant then you'll have Jupiter as the lord of the 7th house, in which case you attract people who have a broad perspective on life. What does the 8th house in astrology mean? It is the best time for these people to earn wealth and build a good reputation. Jupiter is also the lord of houses 3rd & 6th to Libra. Cancer is a movable and watery sign; so the Libra ascendant borns will use their influences of status, respect and authority for their professional needs. It is good yoga and it offers long life and long-lasting marriage. This is a vastly improved position as Mars is in its own sign. So the Libra ascendant borns will pose as reliable persons, may have illegal affairs with neighbours, excel in transports, agreements, negotiations and may not possess their ancestral properties for long. The natives might develop anxiety and fear of the unknown. Aquarius is ruled by SATURNhence SATURN will be the lord of this house. The third lord in the 7th house indicates that the person will tend to serve the king or in modern times the government. It might play with the emotions of the natives and create problems and imbalance in their professional life. You can never know the truth about this individual, as really, they, at the end of the day, have hardly any insight into themselves. Saturn in the 8th house, on the other hand, slows down the transition. The 1st house is also a very good house for Jupiter for Libra ascendants. Capricorn Ascendant House Lords, Makar Lagna analysis with their house lords. Libra ascendant 1st house has libra sign and lord is Venus so he may be medium in height. It makes the natives rich and bestows them with a good social reputation. So the Libra ascendant borns will make undue expenditures in their professional fields, clear debts through additional borrowings and will have to acquire loans to meet out expenditures regarding court cases, diseases and on behalf of their servants. In case of Pisces ascendant, Venus is also the 3rd Lord and is considered malefic. The native lacks beauty and bears mental disturbance but gets the advantage of life and inheritance. Here the relationship isnt about Bollywood Sentiment yet genuine serious stuff like the weight of marriage. He will be long-lived and charitable. However, those ill effects do not last for long. Also Read:Seventh House Lord in Twelfth House: 7th Lord Effects in 12th House. The House of Sex, Death, and Taxes The eighth house is a mysterious sector that rules birth, death, sex, transformation, mysteries, merged energies, and bonding at the deepest level. Leo is a fixed and fiery sign; So the Libra ascendant borns will have never ending sexual desires. CANCER/Karka the fourth ZODIAC sign is in the TENTH house to LIBRA/TULA. Ketu, the node does not own any sign; it acts like Mercury, the lord of houses 9. become a member of society, live in quarters, get lands or houses as donations from government, have understanding spouse in joint family, purchase properties through loans from banks and will rejoin with guests or partners. So, others seek your . So the Libra ascendant borns will gain status and respect in the fields of land, transport, automobile, machinery, agriculture, farms, gardens, wells and water reservoirs. As Jupiter is in foes sign, it takes at some point for an individual to find this life way however in the 30s acknowledgment comes. My website: http://www.astrologykrs.comLink to my astrology school: https://krschannel.thinkific.comHoroscope consultation- http://krsastrology.com/shopThis . 5) 8th lord in the 9th house often gives a journey that is full of risks and so if you have this placement then you need to be careful in travel. Saturn as the lord of the 4th and 5th Houses for Libra Ascendants. The 12th lord Sun in the 8th house for Virgo Ascendant means your personality and your ego were developed when you faced the true hardships in life. Pisces, the TWELVTH house of Kaalpurusha is the 6th house to Libra. maintain cordial relations with society, live in government quarters for artists, get musical instruments as donations from government have guest houses, associate in voluntary organizations, rejoin with partners and would go for love marriage. 3rd house has Leo sign and lord is Sun. Taurus is an earthy sign. Meaning of Gemini Ascendant. So the Libra ascendant borns will think beyond their capacity, publish books on education, show interest in mathematics, have memory power, make barter exchanges, have excessive growth in body organs, involve in the fields of information and communication and become mediators or researchers. They are tied in with perusing Old Texts, and Strict Issues. .. seize properties through harassments, steal documents and research notes, sell old articles, write obscene or threatening letters, enter into agreements to murder, work in accident wards or hospital mortuary, accept bribes, work in anti-corruption wing, provide false information, have sudden mental changes subsequent to black-magic and cheatings, will involve in insurance documents. For both these signs, Venus is a malefic planet and will give unexpected results in its dasha and bhukti. Saturn likewise can be the eighth house ruler through its two signs. This is an individual who will continuously state his uniqueness, for example Likewise, if he has any consistent assessment, he wont ever move away from putting it forward. Mars can be the eighth house ruler through its two signs. They dont have the foggiest idea how to get a grip on their feelings and subsequently when they are blissful, they are on Moon and when they are miserable, they will weep hysterically. Read:Ascendant Lord in 1st House. Jupiter as the lord of the 7th house- Virgo ascendant. . SINCE the 7th house falls in the star of Bharani, ruled by Venus, the Libra ascendant borns will have attractive spouses and business partners, meet with persons of joy and have enthusiastic customers or women. They will be profoundly research arranged. Typically, they get achievement solely after their mid-30s. So the Libra ascendant borns will gain status through sudden professional ventures. Moon is mind. Scorpio, the 8th sign of Kaalpurusha is the 2nd house to Libra. You may find more information about Libra Ascendant sign by following this. Aquarius, the 11th house of Kaalpurushais the 5th house to Libra. So the Libra ascendant borns will face threatening, allegations, disrespect, confusions in financial matters. Get 15+ Pages of FREE HOROSCOPE and DASHA PREDICTIONS (Mahadasha.com), General nature of the sign Libra Ascendant or Tula Lagna, ASCENDANTENDANT RELATED SIGNIFICATIONS OF LIBRA. ..serve in centres for competitive examinations or in hospitals, will do tailoring or weaving or become chefs, serve in lodges or in legal departments. But due to moolatrikona in 1st house, Venus gives benefic results. Mercury or Venus as 9th lord will give success in artistic pursuit or in media field far away from birthplace or in foreign countries. Eighth House Lord in Ascendant 8th Lord Effects in the First House. His entire life becomes a managing mystery. is also a very good house for Jupiter for Libra ascendants. Ketu in the 8th house for Libra ascendants, of the unknown. Mooltrikona sign of venus is in 1st house so it is beneficial for Libra Ascendant. 9. So the Libra ascendant borns will record self-thoughts in diary, have courageous thoughts, excellent functioning of nerves, blood vessels and ENT, show their physical strength and will perform as they wish. Since Cancer is a movable sign, profession, status, honour and authority of the Libra ascendant borns will always show an upward trend. will gain in secret activities or by hoardings or through their own savings, regain properties that were lost, will be able to recollect outstanding amounts and by losing organs. This shows an Otherworldly individual who sees mysterious issues in a profound manner and gains expertise in the world by guiding individuals over these issues. The 8th house in Vedic astrology rules over reasons of death, longevity and sudden events. They will have social relations, gain social recognitions, depend on others and will be bound by law. Virgo, the 6th house of Kaalpurusha is the TWELVTH house to Libra. Sentiment takes a secondary lounge here. 6th house has Scorpion sign and lord is Mars. Assuming that it is Scorpio Ascendant, Mercury rules the eighth and eleventh houses and sits in the first house in Scorpio. Venus in Libra in the natal chart is a sociable . The 8th and 12th houses are the best for Jupiter for Libra ascendants. Virgo, the 6th sign of Kaalpurushais the TWELVTH house to Libra. Hence, it is an, Mars is generally known to have a neutral relationship with Venus, the ascendant lord for Libra risings. They might have problems and troubles in their interests, will be tense, have, dejections and will be hasty with wavering minds. They might become a member of society, live in quarters, get lands or houses as donations from government, have understanding spouse in joint family, purchase properties through loans from banks and will rejoin with guests or partners. Although, struggle till 30 years of age will be there. The Moon as the lord of the 10th House for Libra Ascendants. Being a natural benefic as well, Venus gives comfort and happiness with the areas it . So the Libra ascendant borns will have healthy children, cordial love affairs and will excel in the fields of arts and culture. These individuals will be exceptionally scientific and nitty gritty situated. Libra Ascendant people will become successful in efforts, may face marital separation, will have sound health, practice medicines, exercise personal labour and exhibit style in dressing and dining. They are not one of those carefree individuals. What does 11th House Lord in 8th House mean? It makes these people intellectual and lucky. Capricorn Ascendant sign lord is Saturn of 1st and 2nd house in a horoscope. Lifestyle is tied in with managing Secret Matters and as Saturn addresses Regulation and Request, it shows somebody managing bunches of mysteries of Govt. From Saturns perspective the seventh house, Marriage ought to be deferred and individuals will get a companion who will bring liability, serious standpoint, and concentration in a persons life. In the event that Rahu is the eighth house Lord through its sign Aquarius, as it co-rules Aquarius alongside Saturn, and sits in the first house in Cancer then, first of all, we really want to ensure Saturns situation as it is the principal ruler. He should go through loads of difficulties in tracking down his right life way. The 8th house is also known as the house of passion and a physical union between people. SINCE the 8th house falls in the star of Mrigasira. Scorpio is a watery and fixed sign; so the Libra ascendant borns will be artificial in their speech and dominantly try to establish false things as truth with their eloquent speech.. Mercury, a benefic planet for Libra ascendants, is the Lord of the 12th house for these people. How is Jupiter mahadasha for Libra ascendants? It, Saturn in the 6th House in The Natal chart or by Transit, Taurus Man: Complete Personality Decoded! As per Vedic definition, Sasa Yoga gives the . Hence, it is the worst. The. So the Libra ascendant born will suffer due to eye-diseases and will always have . NKB Services - All rights reserved, Libra ascendants are those people that were born with the, Venus is the ascendant lord for Libra risings. first house represent identity and temperament and tenth house represent career and name in life.Mars weakening makes these folks overall keep in nature and lack of courageousness. gain information in secret activities, lose physical energy, lose evidences that were kept secret, gain documents for outstanding money, lose documents against savings, lose belongings and will permanently separate from family subsequent to temporary separations. Generally, the lord of the 6th house is Mercury as Virgo governs the House of Enemies. Venus: the Lagna lord also rules the 8th house, Venus gives good results. They tend to show more interest in festivals, feasts and romance etc. Birthstone for July What Birthstone is for July? SINCE the 9th house falls in the star of Arudra, ruled by Rahu, the Libra ascendant borns will be researchers of drug addictions, experts of transplantation surgeries, implant artificial organs, will be preachers of religion, work in grain godowns belonging to foreign countries, involve in institutes of international cultural activities and will teach foreign languages. What happens with Ketu in the 8th house for Libra ascendants? SINCE the 4th house falls in the star of Shravana, ruled by Moon, the Libra ascendant borns will live near water reservoirs and dams, agricultural lands; will own boats, refrigerators; produce vegetables and fruits with excessive water content. These individuals request flawlessness and when they dont get it from others, their brain goes out of control. This house is a movable and fiery sign; so the Libra ascendant borns will have long standing relations and will deploy their spouses/ business partners to administer and assist in their ventures. Pisces is ruled by JUPITER hence JUPITER will be the lord of this house. Sagittarius is a common sign, the Libra ascendant borns will see fluctuations in their courage, confidence, communications, blood vessels, writings, intelligence and transfers. Scorpio Horoscope 2023: Who Is Going to Achieve Their Dreams? It has a direct impact on one's lifespan and the nature of death. Since Aries is a house of Mars, the Libra ascendant borns will torture their life partners or people belonging to opposite sex; expect undue gains from their life partners and will lack social discipline. So the Libra ascendant borns will have dissatisfactions in many aspects of their life and would like to lead their life like a sanyasi. SINCEthe 3rd house falls in the star of Poorvashada,.ruled by Venus, the Libra ascendant borns will get happy information, contacts, letters, agreements and brokerage, write with imagination and involve in cine- fields. Here the individual is accompanied by lots of Mysterious data and guiding individuals. They to do reflection genuinely must arrive at their actual life way. 2nd house has leo sign and lord is Sun. So the Libra ascendant borns will get press publicity, publish books on arts, serve in advertising agencies will be educated and qualified in the fields of arts and culture, get transfer orders of their choice, excel in artistic fields wherein mind plays a vital role and will become doctors for artificial fertilization. Jupiter likewise can be the eighth house ruler through its two signs. SINCE the 6th house falls in the star of Poorvabadra, ruled by Jupiter, the lord of houses 3rd & 6th to Libra, the Libra ascendant borns will get publicity about their success, publish books on profession, work (may be as clerks) in the fields of information, communication and advertising, enter Into professional agreements, get appointment or transfer orders, work in fields of their personal choice and will confidently increase production. The Mercury is the lord of ascendant and 4 th house. The native will have issues related to siblings, family, and wife. SCORPIO/VRISHCHIK the eighth ZODIAC sign is in the SECOND house to LIBRA/TULA. Virgo is a house of Mercury. Libra Horoscope 2023: Who Is Going to Achieve Their Dreams? Aries, the first sign of Kaalpurushais the seventh house to Libra. The bottom line is that Mars is a neutral malefic for these people. It can make these people rich. Due to venus, he may be looking attractive and his colour is fair. So the Libra ascendant borns will abide by collective thoughts and become successful, listen to others, suffer due to contagious diseases in kidneys, uterus and abdomen regions, inactive due to deficiency of immunity power, face growing oppositions, lack independence in actions, bring enmity in their actions and often meet with persons known to them. SINCE the 6th house falls in the star of Uttarabadra, ruled by Saturn, the Libra ascendant borns will do subordinate or class 4th jobs, work for daily wages or as office boys in tailoring shops, textile shops, medical shops and law offices, become announcers, suffer due to skin diseases and could get loans only in small amounts. Also Read:Seventh House Lord in Third House: 7th Lord Effects in 3rd House. Aries, the first sign of Kaalchakra is the 7th house to Libra. So the Libra ascendant borns will purchase valuable and household articles, purchase gold and other valuables, construct bungalows and will possess things as personal. Virgo is an earthy sign; so the Libra ascendant borns will have to spend on litigations, loans and medical treatments.Virgo is a common sign; so the Libra ascendant borns will spend on secret activities; their expenses, investments, body functions would carry fluctuations. Mercury is the karaka of Astrology; Scorpio is an indication of Mysterious and the eighth house will be a house of Mysterious. It is a house of Saturn. My name is Rajesh Bihani and I am a full time Vedic Astrologer from New Delhi, India and you can contact me if you need horoscope consultation.I have been practicing Vedic Astrology for past 8 years now and I am a certified professional. Capricorn is a movable sign meaning the developments of education, house, lands, vehicles, machinery and belongings of the Libra ascendant borns. Since this is an airy and fixed sign, the Libra ascendant borns will show interest with greediness and will not be sincere to others. As Jupiter addresses Instructors, this position shows somebody who has bunches of Intelligence around the eighth house-related matters and who can advise individuals as a Stargazer, All-encompassing Healer, Tantra Professional, or Reiki Expert and help them settle their concerns. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Also Read:Cancer Ascendant: Characteristics & Attributes of Cancerian People. 2nd house, 9th lord Sun and 5th house are all aspected by 2nd lord Saturn from 11th house thus connecting 2,5,9,11 for wealth. Aquarius is the 8th house of Cancer natives and it is Mool Trikona house for Saturn, its self-house. Simultaneously, it shows somebody who is an expert spiritualist and who has high instinct abilities. Its natural sign ruler is Scorpio. He can be functioning as Govt Spy in different nations as well. For Libra Ascendants, this is a very strong placement of the planet Sun. As a general effect of this combination, the significances of the 8th house, such as longevity, hidden matters, hidden sense, occult . Since Gemini is a house of Mercury, the Libra ascendant borns will excel in the fields of trade and foreign exchange, financial management, international affairs and religious endowments. This is a watery and common sign. They will excel in advertising, research education, accountancy and auditing, will become writers and will enter into agreements full of fluctuations. Sun is the lord of 11th house to Libra. Ketu would act like Mercury, the lord of houses 9th & 12th . Online Kundali Matching by Date of Birth Only. Answer (1 of 7): Mars in the 8th House: For Pisces Rising Sign (Meena Lagna), the Mars owns the neutral 2nd house and the benefice 9th house. Aquarius/Kumbha the eleventh ZODIAC sign is in the FIFTH house to LIBRA/TULA.is in the FIFTH house to LIBRA/TULA. SINCEthe 7th house falls in the star of Krittika. Pisces Ascendant sign lord is Jupiter of 1st and 10th house in a horoscope Ascendant. So the Libra ascendant borns will see fluctuations and instability in their higher education, research and confidence; will make frequent foreign trips. SINCE the 9lh house falls in the star of Punarvasu, ruled by Jupiter, the Libra ascendant borns will excel in higher education, teaching profession, become professors, financial controllers, temple executive officers, ambassadors, temple trustees and exporters, redefine religious, moral and legal practices, perform reincarnation rites with wisdom and knowledge. 8th Jan 1982 Time - 10:20 am Place - Mumbai Regard, Reply. Scorpio and Aries are the 7 th. Serving since 2001, in the field of spirituality and astrology. Venus in 7 th house Scorpio will make very romantic and passionate about Love. Here the 9th house is the most spacious house in the horoscope. As the 9th house is also ruled by Gemini with its lord being mercury who is very friendly to sun. It also shows working for higher/ humanitarian purpose. Ashwina in Saka or Aippasi in Tamil calendars. Along these lines, here mind gets totally leaned toward research in issues of Mysterious, Otherworldliness, and Higher Information. SINCE the 4lh house falls in the star of Uttarashada, ruled by Sun, the Libra ascendant borns will live in government buildings, have government vehicles, study in government institutions, own village common lands, may work in forest departments, automobile divisions of the government take lease of common ponds, wells, water tanks; have government machinery, properties, agricultural lands or godowns for storing grain fields. The native is intelligent and ambitious. 7. For Vrishabha Lagna Saturn will be the Yoga Karaka Planet as it will be the ruler of the 9th(Trikona) & the 10houses(Kendra).The result will be more pronounced if Yoga Karaka Saturn is placed in Taurus with the Lagna lord Venus.This will be said as a very good disposition of Saturn as per the Classical Texts. SINCE the 11th house falls in the star of Makha, ruled by Ketu, the Libra ascendant borns will fulfil their desires through illegal means, carry expectations, have criminals as friends, sons-in-law and elder brothers. So Jupiter is Malefic for Libra Ascendant. Since Scorpio is a fixed sign, gold and other valuables, diamonds, documents and money would remain permanent in the hands of Libra ascendant borns. So the Libra ascendant bornswill gain through writings and publications of religious and medical articles, gain through courage and intelligence, gain confidence through money, change themselves for want of money and gain through information, communications and transfers. It's unlikely for them to be fascinated by mysteries because they're most of the time focusing on other things. Pisces, the TWELVTH sign of Kaalpurushais the 6th house to Libra. Capricorn, the 10th house of the Kaalpurusha is the 4th house to Libra. They might serve in competitive centres, become doctors, nurses, medical examiners, manufacturers of medical goods, food processors, dressmakers, lawyers, livestock producers, daily labourers or financiers. involve in immoral activities and corruption in voluntary and social institutions, invite enmity from officials, face marital dejections, will be cheated by partners, will be put into disrespect by enemies or spouses and face threats on life. Libra Ascendant people become pimps, priests, tour planners for pilgrimages, religious preachers, actors, astrologers, singers, painters and gynaecologists. They generally have this feeling of under accomplishment in their life. The areas covered by the 8th house include transformation and crisis, our attitude towards crisis and change, sexuality, death and rebirth, personal growth and transformation, regeneration, our partner's resources, addictions, psychology, others' money, taxes, divorce . So the Libra ascendant borns will excel In professional fields of land, vehicle, automobile and machinery. However, as the 2nd house lord. The native gets success in accumulating immense wealth. Sun in the 8th house for Capricorn Ascendant. Venus is also the lord of houses 1st & 8th to Libra, So the Libra ascendant borns will think much about themselves, have excessive vitamins, selfish and greedy, have self-pride, show happy and harmonious interests, have independent thoughts and imagination, change themselves in actions and enjoy tasting food. Mars is also the lord of houses 2nd & 7th to Libra. However, as the 2nd house lord for Libra ascendants, it is a Maraka Planet (the planet that can cause untimely death). SINCEthe 8lh house falls in the star of Krittika, ruled by Sun, the Libra ascendant borns will seize government documents, their properties will be seized by government, live in government buildings, will face damages to properties, will be punished by government, involve in criminal activities or may get into fire-accidents. SCORPIO is ruled by MARS..hence MARS will be the lord of this house. So the Libra ascendant borns will serve in big organisations, banks, medical institutions and legal departments; frequently attend feasts, fond of fatty foods, suffer due to cholesterol and cell diseases, get loans through recommendations of popular persons and have opportunities to preside over public functions. Birthstone for September What Birthstone is for September? So the Libra ascendant borns will become contractors in ports, work in personnel or research departments, become educationists or priests and may serve in trusts, temples, foreign agencies, courts of law, panchayat offices or archaeological offices. Hence, it is an extremely beneficial planet for these natives. Since Saturn is the lord of houses 4th & 5th to Libra, the Libra ascendant borns will serve mostly for daily wages in the fields of lands, houses, livestock, vehicles and buildings, become cooks, teachers, household manufacturers, furniture makers and will arrange stages for music and dance programs. After long research, Mahadasha.com Astrologers has also developed a revolutionary formula for calculating the probable DATE OF MARRIAGE of any individual from his Birth Details. Taurus, the 2nd sign of Kaalpurusha is the 8th house to Libra. On the other hand, when the 10th lord is in the 5th house it is in 8th from its own sign. Here an individual can be functioning as a Bookkeeper, Examiner, or Reviewer in Govt or Pvt Associations. Mercury mahadasha is one of the best times for these people to make money and build a reputation. VIRGO is ruled by MERCURYhence MERCURY will be the lord of this house. The planetary combination here is creating a vipareet raja yoga, which will be beneficial for the native. They may think their romantic relationship is only about what their partner. Sagittarius is ruled by JUPITER..hence JUPITER will be the lord of this house. Capricorn Horoscope 2023: Who Is Going to Achieve Dreams? Hence, Venus mahadasha is an extremely beneficial time for Libra risings. Since it is an earthy and movable sign, the Libra ascendant borns will show increased interest in their studies. It yields the best results as the Lord of the 1st House. Sagittarius Horoscope 2023: Who Is Going to Achieve Dreams? ..be supervisors for competitive exams, suffer due to hereditary disorders, illegal affairs and malfunctioning of medicines, become medical personnel, have excessive food intakes, do joint ventures in medical research, make mutual agreements with multi-national organisations, divorce second wife or disconnect illegal affairs and face allegations while residing in lodges. Aries is a fiery sign; so the spouses and business partners of Libra ascendant borns would mostly be with immoral characters with excessive interest in sexual affairs. Thus, we should take both in a steady progression. They are careless and might suffer from insecurities, anxiety, and fear. We can extend the outcomes given in before the passage complex as Venus is in most noteworthy poise. LEO/SIMHA the fifth ZODIAC sign is in the ELEVENTH house to LIBRA/TULA. Hence, the Emerald can be highly beneficial for health, wealth, social establishment. As Ketu confines/isolates an individual from the things connected with the house Ketu is sitting, here it really isolates the individual from himself, and that implies these individuals have an absence of self-worth or self-esteem. So above all else, we should find out what the first house/Ascendant and eighth house represents. Since it is a house of Jupiter, the Libra ascendant borns will suffer due to secret diseases in nerves and blood vessels; enter into litigations in their professions and in investments. These individual tries to be definitive. They can obtain the balance they need when supported by their partner, and they need all the time to be emotionally sustained. SINCE the 5th house falls in the star of Shathabisham, ruled by Rahu, the Libra ascendant borns will have sexual affairs with foreigners, will do prostitution in foreign countries, have intentions to gamble, become swimmers or sprinters and may become addicted to drinks. Saturn in the 6th House in The Please enable JavaScriptSaturn in the 6th House in The Natal chart or by Transit. Thus, the Mars becomes the benefice lord for the Pisces Rising (Meena Lagna) natives. So the Libra ascendant borns will serve in social service institutions, voluntary organisations, trusts, temples, courts, ports and foreign embassies, enter into agreements with government officials, will be exporters, judges, leaders, professors, teachers, scientists, researchers, religious servants and communication experts etc.