Fitch rating: B (2020)Moody's rating: B2 (2017)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Related: Nigerian Government revenue allocation and sharing formula. The structure of government under Gowon was basically unitarian. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. Military intervention could be prevented with the eradication or reduction in the level of corruption in Nigeria by politicians. The operational head of the AFN is the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. Nigerias first military junta began following the 1966 Nigerian coup dtat which overthrew Prime Minister Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Nigeria is divided administratively into the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) and 36 states, which are organized into the following six geo-political zones: South-West ZoneLagos, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Oshun, and Oyo; South-South ZoneAkwa, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Ibom, and Rivers; South-East ZoneAbia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo; The Council of Ministers: This consists of the President, Vice President and the ministers some of whom were military officers, while others were politicians. The upper chamber, which is known as the Senate, consists of 109 members who are called senators. The local government reforms of 1976 have been described as a landmark in the history of local government in Nigeria. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into modern-day Nigeria. Every state produces 3 senators, which are elected, from their 3 senatorial districts. Just as there is division of power in other tiers, so there is at this tier. From 1966 to 1999, Nigeria experienced a series of military coups, excluding the short-lived second republic between 1979 and 1983. [11], Today, the NAF faces a number of domestic challenges which continue to undermine stability within Nigeria and the region as a whole. )-$15.986 billion (2020 est. Military government freed 47 political prisoners including Gen. Oladipo Diya. ), conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeriaconventional short form: Nigeriaetymology: named for the Niger River that flows through the west of the country to the Atlantic Ocean; from a native term "Ni Gir" meaning "River Gir", name: Abujageographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: Abuja is a planned capital city, it replaced Lagos in 1991; situated in the center of the country, Abuja takes its name from a nearby town, now renamed Suleja, 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara, Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960), history: several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states; amended several times, last in 2018, mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Nigeriadual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 15 years, chief of state: President Maj. Gen. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to its new state of independence. This led to June 12 elections in 1993 but the result of this election was cancelled. ), fossil fuels: 78.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In 1999, a new constitution was adopted and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. Each state has a governor that can serve for 4 years in a term. Jimi Peters, 'The Nigerian Military and the State,' 1997. The Nigerian civil war; the military was responsible for the civil war that claimed many lives. )methane emissions: 143.99 megatons (2020 est. Shehu Shagari wasnt killed but this coup led to the death of a loyal officer to the government in the person of Brigadier Ibrahim Bako. Failure to conduct an acceptable population census. ), urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. The judiciary branch of the Nigerian government structure is laden with the responsibility of interpretation of the law, and ensures compliance with these laws. One of the survivors of the coup, Olusegun Obasanjo, succeeded Muritala Mohammed and he promptly set up civilian government and the state of affairs was maintained until 1983. Corruption pervades the daily lives of Nigerians. (d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by an act of the National Assembly. ), total subscriptions: 204,228,678 (2020 est. Military rule is based on fear because they possessed weapons of coercion especially the gun. )306.921 (2019 est. ), total: 65,313 (2020 est. ), general assessment: one of the larger telecom markets in Africa subject to sporadic access to electricity and vandalism of infrastructure; most Internet connections are via mobile networks; market competition with affordable access; LTE technologies available but GSM is dominant; mobile penetration high due to use of multiple SIM cards and phones; government committed to expanding broadband penetration; operators to deploy fiber optic cable in six geopolitical zones and Lagos; operators invested in base stations to deplete network congestion; submarine cable break in 2020 slowed speeds and interrupted connectivity; Nigeria concluded its first 5G spectrum auction in 2021 and granted licenses to two firms; construction of 5G infrastructure has not yet been completed (2022)domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base over 99 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, NCSCS, MainOne, Glo-1 & 2, ACE, and Equianofiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and South and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available; digital broadcasting migration process completed in three states in 2018 (2019), total: 74,210,251 (2020 est. The structure of Nigerian government come in a planned system; the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), and the arms of government (also known as branches of government), Also Read: The relationship between the three tiers of government in Nigeria. [29], The Air Force sponsors the Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria and the Air Force Institute of Technology. The governor assigns public responsibilities to his commissioners and advisers, to help in serving the state better. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. Presently, Nigeria has 774 local government councils, hence, 774 local government chairmen. )government consumption: 5.8% (2017 est. At independence the country was divided into three regions: Northern, Eastern, and Western. The Nigerian Air Force was formally established in January 1964, with technical assistance from West Germany. So,what system of government is Nigeria practicing now? Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, which has been in effect since July 2009. ), total population: 61.79 yearsmale: 59.93 yearsfemale: 63.75 years (2023 est. The Civil Service: It was made up of both the Secretary to the military government and the Head of Service. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. On this date, March 4 in 1999, military government freed the remaining people imprisoned two years ago for . [23] The U.S. commercial military contractor, Military Professional Resources Inc. has been involved around 19992000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces.[24]. Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon, total: 923,768 sq kmland: 910,768 sq kmwater: 13,000 sq km, about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California, total: 4,477 kmborder countries (4): Benin 809 km; Cameroon 1,975 km; Chad 85 km; Niger 1,608 km, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north, southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north, highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 mlowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 380 m, natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land, agricultural land: 78% (2018 est. roads, airports, railways etc )from petroleum and other liquids: 67.406 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The president appoints minister to each of the federal ministries. And thats it. This is a lesson from the tutorial, West-African Constitutional Development and you are encouraged to log )proven reserves: 5,760,883,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est. ), 15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023), at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2023 est. )2.21% (2019 est. )agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Nigeria, my country, blessed with the best brains and rains to grow our grains, operating a democratic system that guarantees political freedom, equality of citizenship, and more.. Soldiers don't belong on the streetsand the army is uniquely placed to pressure the government for police reforms to tackle. One of the senior Army officers at that time, General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi had used the coup as an opportunity and he was able to annex power to become the first military head of State. Discuss the reasons why the military involve in politics. Before January 1966, the various regions in Nigeria had different system of governments, at the grassroot level. The Chief Justice of Nigeria also presides over the National Judicial Council, an executive body established by the Nigerian federal government to protect the judiciary branch from the influence of the executive branch. ), forest revenues: 1.02% of GDP (2018 est. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. Olusegun Obasanjo, who by 1999, had become president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: " Professionalism has been lost my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military. ), 104.494 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Nonetheless, Ibrahim Babangida handed over to a civilian government which was headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan on the 26thof August, 1993. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:09. It operates as a federal republic, with governmental powers divided between executive, legislative, and judicial branches. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The House of Representative is made of 360 members who are elected in single member constituencies. These federal ministries are civil service departments responsible for carrying out different types of government services. by . WITHIN NIGERIA has highlighted two significant events that took place on March 4 in Nigeria history in an effort to raise awareness for educational purpose. 1. Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 16, 1966 July 29, 1966), General Yakubu Gowon (August 2, 1966 July 29, 1975), General Murtala Mohammed (July 29, 1975 February 13, 1976), General Olusegun Obasanjo (February 14, 1976 September 30, 1979), Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (December 31, 1983 August 27, 1985), General Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985 August 26, 1993), General Sani Abacha (November 16, 1993 June 8, 1998), General Abdulsalami Abubakar (June 9, 1998 May 29, 1999). In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. Course Finder )exports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. The Nigerian Navy is currently headed by Vice Admiral Awwal Zubairu Gambo.[27]. But on the 17thof November, 1993, General Sani Abacha staged a coup that overthrew the Ernest Shonekan administration. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. The Nigerian Air force is currently headed by Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao. The minister of state is not a different minister on his own but instead an assistant to the minister he is attached to. )solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Commission was concerned with all the public services of Nigeria including the local government. 1922 - Part of . The legislature at the federal level is called the National Assembly of Nigeria. Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forceshead of government: President Maj. Gen. It has similar functions as the National House of Assembly. The federal executive arm, legislative arm and also the judiciary are the components in the Nigerian government structure that collectively work together to help achieve a flawless federal system. In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces. It has thirty-six states, one federal territory, and . The federal government is the top notch level of government in the Nigerian government structure. )note: Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups, English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages, Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other 0.6% (2018 est.). Nigeria held a successful democratic election in 1999 which led to the election of Olusegun Obasanjo as the President on the 29thof May 1999. This LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL comprises of the local government chairman, who is the C. E. O of the local government areas (a president at the local government level), and his Councillors, other elected members (like ministers too but at the local government level). )$4,900 (2020 est. Nigeria is dominantly made of three prominent regions: the North (Hausa Fulani), the West (Yorubas) and the East (Igbos) with minorities in other regions.The military took over the leadership. This was the supreme decision-making body in the country. There are five operational bases; five forward operational bases (with two more soon to come on stream), two dockyards located in Lagos and Port Harcourt and two fleets based in Lagos and Calabar. ), revenues: $12.92 billion (2017 est. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Nigeria and its judgement or decision is final. )$38.336 billion (31 December 2019 est. The Nigerian Police Force and troops have participated in: Nigerian officers have served as Chiefs of Defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe, serving as Sierra Leone Chief of Staff in 19981999,[44] and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least, 2007. We have in the apex the big Commander-in-Chief and it then goes down. The current head of the Joint Task Force in Niger Delta is Rear Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade. Every governor has a deputy governor to help in overseeing the affairs of the state. "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. The Armed Forces Ruling Council: This consist of the Head of State and the Commander In- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, the Service Chiefs, Inspector General of Police, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation and the Secretary to the military Government. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 16.95% (2021 est. Also Read: The history of Abuja How it was created. It has seen its changes to military regime to democracy era, including the good and bad sides of these regimes. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. Protection of lives and properties of its citizens. This is an inter-service Operational Team, comprising members of the army, navy, and air force to combat terrorism in the Niger Delta. The president also appoints the Chief Justice of Nigeria and his 13 associates justices. ), municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Reasons for Military Interventions in Nigeria, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, Major General J.T.U. Gowon was succeeded by Muritala Mohammed but his administration was also shortlived and in February 1976, General Muritala Mohammed was assassinated by Buka Suka Dimka in a violent coup attempt. )19.6% of GDP (2016 est. )forest: 9.5% (2018 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote 1: on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreaknote 2: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 9 December 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 266,283 cases of COVID-19 or 129.17 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,155 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.53 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 13 November 2022, 29.28% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine note 3: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 4.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. NA, serious overpopulation and rapid urbanization have led to numerous environmental problems; urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; oil pollution - water, air, and soil have suffered serious damage from oil spills, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Tropical Timber 2006, particulate matter emissions: 48.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.