Operates: At any depth on a cable or line with a messenger that makes bottle rotate 180 degrees while trapping water and closing +precipitation In the North Atlantic, this runs somewhat southwest to northeast, while in the North Pacific it runs much more east-west. A deep, steep sided canyon on the ocean floor. When the ice melts in the summer, it releases nutrients into the water, stimulating the growth of phytoplankton, the center of the marine food web. y Qu dice el, Vocabulary Lesson 9: Hopes and Wishes, Lesson, Lecture 19 - Introduction to google earth eng, ISZL IBGEO 2022 Freshwater Vocab and Features, 2019 Released EOC Practice Test-Biology NC, Science Olympiad - Division C - Forensics: Po, Science Olympiad Environmental Chemistry Glos, Christy C. Hayhoe, Doug Hayhoe, Jeff Major, Maurice DiGiuseppe, Prentice Hall Brief Review: The Living Environment 2019, Production and Management Exam 3-- Ch. :.)=@y o'F@ #n;v_D^BB$6xDPq+qB\BHVyiam^d(8*rMTE:R[*m{E*|*,71kO^ g jEN5{&;%ul=HhE>[*ZO>4NNNsg'zURG 3 (POD), constant high temperatures, plenty of rain, continental tropical air, low precipitation, scarce vegetation, mild winters, cool summers, abundant precipitation. Regarding animal communication, the answer may be yes as well, but I havent done a ton of digging into it yet, so Im not totally sure about details. These "free vehicles" may be described as a way to take the laboratory to the seafloor. Temperature changes the greatest in this zone as this is the zone which contains the thermocline. relias learning exam answers quizlet; havanna ginger black dick; id security online. It depends on wind patterns in the atmosphere. It checks its sensors as it descends and reports their status to the ship. Interactions between surface and groundwater. and more. In the most sophisticated systems, the ROV is lowered on a cable alone or in a protective vehicle and then operates on a slack tether that decouples it from the ship's surface motion. A "no-tide" point in an ocean caused by basin resonances, friction, and other factors around which tide crests rotate. The reflection of progressive waves by a vertical barrier. +The greater the number, the more tortuous (strongly meandering) the path the river takes. These devices can also be used on moorings and on profilers. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line with a messenger Tide caused by gravitational and inertial interaction of the moon and Earth. Type of pollution characterized by unwanted or potentially damaging sound. Surface water seeps into the ground and recharges the underlying aquifer while groundwater discharges to the surface and supplies the stream with more water. What is the strongest influence upon tides? Seafloor rocks can be gathered by towing a dredge consisting of a steel box and chain bag. Cycle B passes Cycle C. Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through _____? the largest channel into which smaller streams flow. Reflection occurs with little loss of energy. =landfills, =burning of fossil fuels Subjects . From these measurements, accurate estimates of air-sea fluxes can be made. Teams will then be asked to answer questions, perform calculations, and otherwise solve the tasks they are given. the breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals through contact with water, atmospheric gases, and/or biological organisms. Sophisticated data processing reveals the effects of temperature, density, and currents on its travel time. Other floats drift for two months, surface to transmit data to a satellite, and descend again for another two months of data collection. It depends on wind patterns in the atmosphere. The Science Olympiad consists of interscholastic competitions for students in grades 6th-12th. nick point basically this just refers to a steep and rapid change in gradient; this is usually marked by a waterfall. endobj Notes: Developed by Dr. W. Van Dorn, Samples: Water +dad aerates this layer every fall when the level of water within the rock or soil underground rises; water table rises to reach ground level and water starts to seep through to the surface and flooding can happen. Dynamic Planet Science Olympiad 2021 Flashcards | Quizlet Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ocean basins, Sediment, Oceanic heat budget and more. =the water cycle stream or river which has a constant stream year-round during years of normal rainfall. =acid rain a delta in an area with strong tides that redistribute accumulating sediments. der Fernsehturm. Raleigh, NC 27695. Operates: At the surface by hand or at any depth visited by a scuba diver The concentration of salt in seawater is about 35 parts per thousand. These waves move through water greater than 1/2 their wavelength. The subtraction of wave energy as waves meet producing smaller waves. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line by free fall (no messenger needed) Bigger rocks=less capillarity 2023 Division B Events | Science Olympiad basically this just refers to a steep and rapid change in gradient; this is usually marked by a waterfall. Animals that are free to swim through the water column. Flow generally occurs only during the wet season (50 percent of the time or less). process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. the convergence, or blending, of many fans; these are common in dry climates, and can be narrow, few streams of water, or be wide, where dozens of alluvial fans converge. << /Type /XRef /Length 66 /Filter /FlateDecode /DecodeParms << /Columns 5 /Predictor 12 >> /W [ 1 3 1 ] /Index [ 133 26 ] /Info 145 0 R /Root 135 0 R /Size 159 /Prev 446956 /ID [<2d92f2a28170415fac90dfa552561314><2d92f2a28170415fac90dfa552561314>] >> [-/!%C^8:sS/aaIJ$BZa
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gQImHG] (e+)hR,9I:s .ck-4X5 C99 h! "yV_s-}^:`f!~CmT$i,Ci%i^*.V@. The length of the stream/channel divided by the distance between the beginning and end point of that stream/channel 136 0 obj +oxygen levels. It is desired to reduce the net rate of radiation heat transfer between the two plates to one-fifth by placing thin aluminum sheets with an emissivity of 0.10.10.1 on both sides between the plates. A drainage pattern in which streams follow a roughly circular or concentric path along a belt of weak rock, resembling in plan a ringlike pattern. = void volume/total volume. -velocity = distance traveled / time, = water depth * velocity * width Because of the lack of light, it is with in this zone that bioluminescence begins to appear on life. (see image), Layers below the zone of aeration; the soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater table. Hall, William C. Rose. apple tv volume control not working. Wave generated as a result of a seismic event. Which direction do gyres flow in the Southern hemisphere? =ocean currents Waves with ___________ wavelengths move the fastest. endstream Sensors being designed or upgraded for use either on research vessels or buoys include those to measure surface temperature, air temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, solar and long- wave radiation, humidity, and precipitation. Sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the mid water zone as sunlight this deep is very faint. -from factories A fan created as an underwater current deposits sediment. = average water velocity * volume of pre-determined crosss-section What does constructive interference result in? NNw3v"wWQsdgJNqJ 4y $,>=kzGj0,Qa*rQag#? a stream system that resembles the pattern of a branching tree, a pattern in which the tributaries join the main stream at right angles. But moving near to the polls the region of rain decreases and with less rain and more sunshine, evaporation increases. A single wave crest much higher than usual caused by constructive interference. A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans. These waves move through water shallower than 1/20 their wavelength, These waves travel though water deeper than 1/20 but shallower than 1/2 their wavelength. The ability of a rock, soil, or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces or pores. dynamic planet science olympiad 2021 quizlet A delta where wave action has the strongest control on its outline. $7 Jj(c~*%Kny
These waves are the first to form when the wind blows. Patterns in which water drains: dendritic (dentrites), trellis (like in farming), rectangular (like those sand shaking things), and radial (run down the mountain). stream Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ocean basins, Sediment, Oceanic heat budget and more. Near the equator, the tropics receive lots of rain constantly, which helps decrease the salinity of the surface water in that region. 1. 40 0 obj Blended Finance. << /Annots [ 56 0 R ] /Contents 43 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 61 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /G3 52 0 R >> /Font << /F4 53 0 R /F6 54 0 R /F7 55 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /XObject << /X5 42 0 R >> >> /StructParents 0 /Type /Page >> Dams' affects: A sudden, violent flood that occurs within a few hours, or even minutes, of a storm. +This spring occurs in underground cave systems, which resemble underground highways or tubes enables scientists to investigate the dynamic processes in the deep interior of Earth. +Reservoirs behind dams trap sediment which deprives downstream rivers of sediment which is an important part of the ecosystem From the earth's perspective, the suns position in the sky moves higher each day from winter to summer and lower each day from summer to winter. Currents flowing on surface in opposite direction to main currents. 715 Barbour Dr the area between the high-tide and the low-tide mark. Michelle Provost-Craig, Susan J. endobj Precise modern navigation allows ship motion to be subtracted from the data. For many years, current meters have been attached to moorings as described above, left for a time to collect data, and then retrieved. xc```b``f`a``eeb0$uAl+U)=7 -R``F1 Where is the Tropic of Capricorn located? =sewage The channel is usually not well defined. Lots of great information on this channel!Tremor Tracker for iPadA model of Three FaultsInvestigating Plate Tectonics with Google EarthDiscovering Plate BoundariesPinterest Boardwith great Earth Science ideas from the National Event SupervisorResources for topics NOT in this years rules:Water Science USGSPhoto Glossary of Glacier TermsUMass Glacier Lecture SeriesThe Bridge An ocean of teacher approved marine education resourcesProject OceanographyOceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science, Physical Address Dynamic Planet works with high-impact partners to help build regenerative landscapes and seascapes. - In the U.S performed by U.S Geological Surveys stream gage stations 2021 Test Exchange - Wiki! - Scioly.org These are usually found along hillsides and cliffs. what are waves that break along the shore that form a curling crest over an air pocket called? FRv8lcbNj#f?2_b #R#HUur$,mJ the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. Wind waves are one example of these waves. As the ice melts, it exposes ocean water to sunlight, spurring photosynthesis in phytoplankton. The southern boundary of the subtropical gyre is similarly associated with the maximum in the easterly winds. Dl _[\Bsd t:j9wfXz << /Pages 152 0 R /Type /Catalog >> The layers range from several millimetres to many metres in thickness and vary greatly in shape. +transpiration = 10% of water vapor, the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants, The water stored in the soil. emissions of gases, non-explosive lava emissions, extremely violent explosive bursts that last many hours; volcanic eruptions, a process by which glaciers form and spread; the forming, existence, or movement of glaciers over the surface of the earth. Commonly these come from a submarine hills or glaciers. Topographic Features of Continental Margins. ( When ice freezes, the underlying water gets saltier and sinks, mixing the water column and bringing nutrients to the surface. The information below should not be interpreted as an extension of the rules. Determine the number of protons and neutrons in Mg-26. Are whales and other animals affected by changes in ocean circulation due to sea ice melting? << /Filter /FlateDecode /S 137 /Length 142 >> Is a velocity measurement technique that allows for the measurement of 3D flow velocities by using the Doppler shift principle. What does oxygen% vary with in ocean surface water? Another is the expendable BathyThermograph (XBT), a temperature probe released on a weighted copper wire that unreels to record temperature and depth while the ship is underway. In this event, students will use process skills to complete tasks related to Earth's fresh waters. deltas that are formed as rivers deposit large, coarse sediments; these deltas are usually confined to rivers emptying into freshwater lakes. The largest water bottles, called Gerard barrels, collect 250 liters. Affected by: no clear pattern, areas covered by continental galcial ice sheet. the sum of the evaporation of water from soil plus the transpiration from plants. caused by the gravitational and inertial interaction of the sun and earth. On average, sea ice covers almost about 10,000,000 mi. of the earth. A natural source of water formed when water from an aquifer moves up to the ground surface. Dynamic Planet Sometimes called a node. https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/currents, https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts-education-resources/ocean-currents, also the Gulf Streams ties to the Bermuda High , https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce, Regarding animal communication, the answer may be yes as well, but I havent done a ton of digging into it yet, so Im not totally sure about details. Tema 6: Qu dice el camarero?
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Hs 1HAqJX0t00 K4 Cycle A passes Cycle B. A very early, simple satellite consisted of an inflated spherical aluminum balloon 30 m in diameter and of mass 20 kg. Year Event Division Tournament Author Files; 1: 2022: Anatomy & Physiology: BC: Summer Science Olympiad Study Session: 25rat: key sheet test: 2: 2022: Anatomy & Physiology the ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the___? Instruments can be moored in the ocean for months or years to collect samples or data. More precise sampling may be accomplished using a submersible with robotic arms or a remotely operated vehicle equipped with television so that the area where the rock was found can be described in detail. (BS(\*'"x ZtXyE|W~WI}|/_P53!6yu]/{8'kp+D&S(@E_/o9XSs *ZTQ!%*e,w8z2yACs[N#t}NZt>?.9,$#_5c (b) The molecular weight of estradiol was later determined to be 272. Predetermined questions will be used as tiebreakers. There is a nick point here. The Gulf Stream is an example of this type of boundary current. stream +evaporation = 90% of water vapor a habitat where freshwater meets saltwater. Acoustic systems also allow remote estimates of organism biomass, individual sizes, and numbers of animals present in the water column. Welcome to Dynamic Planet! These boundary currents are shallow and broad with boundaries that are not well defined. Middle School (Division B) | NC Science Olympiad This type of tidal cycle is found commonly in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Science Olympiad Science Olympiad is an international non-profit organization devoted to improving the quality of science education, increasing student interest in science and providing recognition for outstanding achievement in science education by both students and teachers. Sidescan sonar offers profiles of rock outcroppings and sediment surfaces at ranges up to several kilometers. Here is another useful resource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/currents, https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts-education-resources/ocean-currents. +change in x over change in y but in topo map terms, The lowest level to which a stream can erode or running water can flow (the part of the slide where a kid starts to slow down - the flattened bottom), the flat, wide area of land along a river; an area that is subject to natural flooding from an adjoining waterway, cut bank, point bar, oxbow lake, natural levee, & backswamp (see images). Seawater becomes more and more dense as it becomes colder, right down to it's freezing point. Dynamic Planet Cheat Sheet (Plate Tectonics).pdf - a. Greek astronomer and navigator who first wrote about the connection between moon and the height of the tide. Acoustic tomography employs the effect of temperature on the speed of sound in seawater (sound travels faster in warmer water) to record temperature profiles over long ocean transects. Tests - Scioly.org Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Flashcards | Quizlet The sea surface temperature ranges from as high as 97F (36C) in the Persian Gulf, to 28F (-2C) near the north pole. Check out, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sofar.html, Dynamic Planet 2019 Coaches Clinic Presentation (2020 Rules), 2020 Science Olympiad: Dynamic Planet NOAA, Dynamic Planet 2019 Coaches Clinic Presentation (2018 Rules), Dynamic Planet Great Climateand GlacierGraphsand Maps, Investigating Plate Tectonics with Google Earth, The Bridge An ocean of teacher approved marine education resources, Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science. Dynamic Planet Topics - Wiki! - Scioly.org Such floats have been tracked for years by moored sound receivers to provide a long-term look at ocean currents. a single channel that winds snakelike over the area it covers. An underwater moutain chain where new ocean floor is formed. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( X" c !1AQa"q2U#BRVbr67fstu$3CS5Tc%&8d4DE' ? The sea surface temperature also "follows the sun." Exchanges across the air-sea interface, including heat and fresh water, couple the ocean and atmosphere and are of major interest in studies of global climate. A kind of sinkhole that may develop abruptly and cause catastrophic damages. A whirlpool that forms near or in the surf zone b. A standard rosette/CTD cast, depending on water depth, requires two to five hours of station time. Dynamic Planet | NC Science Olympiad is the difference in height between successive high and low tides. C. Cycle B crosses the finish line. Maximum ratio of wave height to wavelength seen in the open ocean. Nearly friction free transfer of energy from molecule to molecule in a circular path. a. In the North Atlantic, this runs somewhat southwest to northeast, while in the North Pacific it runs much more east-west. small river or stream that flows in to a larger river or stream; a branch of the river, a land area that channels rainfall and snowmelt to creeks, streams, and rivers, and eventually to outflow points. =non-biodegradable trash and plastic a type of alluvial fan with a steep slope, closer to the shape of a half-cone than a flat fan. Eddies do not tend to form in these boundary currents. This event is generously supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). PDF 2020 Dynamic planet test - Scioly Slowing and bending of progressive waves in shallow water. WQB@G0IST>9U'FfW#*QQHy Bj3/3QUQ4 z*=k6P;Vy$nJn
j?oWT] +R+|6~UqyT< Horizontal distance between two consecutive wave crests or wave troughs, Vertical distance between a wave crest and an adjacent wave trough. 38 0 obj 138 0 obj +ecosystem This information is important for understanding how water tracers and pollutants are transported by the ocean. New methods for this kind of sampling are being developed in order to reduce station time. Numeric and graphic displays of data in the ship's laboratory provide maps of the seafloor topography. An ________ is the surgical removal of the appendix.. +occur when shallow groundwater oozes or "seeps" from the ground over a large area and has no defined discharge point. +this calculates the curvature of the body. can carry/transport. In 1934, Edward A. Doisy of Washington University extracted 3000 lb of hog ovaries to isolate a few milligrams of pure estradiol, a potent female hormone. A channel that is divided into smaller channels by temporary islands called eyots. Is related to changes in temperature of a gas or object without changes in phases. The pattern a drainage network takes when viewed from the air. Waves with a ratio greater than 1:7 will do this. As scientists try to understand movement of materials through the oceanic system, they moor sediment traps at various depths for many months to collect samples of particles sinking through the water column. der Kurfrstendamm. physically deposited particles derived from weathered rocks, streams move sediments acquired from mass wasting, overland flow, and groundwater. Science Olympiad - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration panzer 2 g; god of war 1 iso file download for pcsx2; wexos toolbox . Receipt of data in "real time," that is, as it is being taken, enables researchers to monitor the performance of equipment in the field (and send a ship to service it, if necessary), to make decisions about an experiment underway, and to distribute data quickly. 135 0 obj Typically seawater has close to 35 g of dissolved salts in each L - this is written as 35. Raleigh, NC 27603, Mailing Address Scientists created three-dimensional images of Earth's interior by combining information from many earthquakes using an approach similar to computed tomography (CT) scanning. A branch of science which studies the physical and biological properties of the oceans. hello quizlet Home Subjects Expert solutions Create the movement of water through the biosphere, Release of harmful materials into the environment, the contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources, the addition of any substance that has a negative effect on water or the living things that depend on the water, The contamination of land by both solid and hazardous waste, pollutants being added to soil by agricultural runoffs, unclean technology, waste disposal. A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent. The boundary where the ocean and the land meet; temporary and unstable, The evolution of bogs and marshes from interactions between surface and groundwater, Wetlands are formed from these interactions and are present in climates and landscapes that cause ground water to discharge to land surface or that prevent rapid drainage of water from the land surface. Gyres in balance between gravity and the Coriolis Effect. Science Olympiad is a national STEM competition dedicated to improving the quality of K-12 science education, increasing interest and engagement in science, and providing recognition for outstanding achievement by students and teachers. Campus Box 8211 endobj +sediment type and sources What is a beach? The temperature is constantly near freezing and only a few creatures can be found in these crushing depths. The pressure in this zone is extreme and at depths of 13,100 feet (4,000 meters), reaches over 5850 pounds per square inch. Igneous form from the cooling of magma deep inside the earth, often have large crystals Ship-wire-deployed and free-drifting water sampling and incubation instruments measure plant nutrient uptake, bacterial incorporation of dissolved organics, and plankton feeding rates. Home. Some are larger, some are smaller. A breaking wave whose crest slides down the face of the wave. Dynamic Planet is an event concerned with the processes which change the Earth. Is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and solids. 133 0 obj There are many processes at work. Notes: Samples from the Ekman Grab and Soft Bottom Modified Petersen Grab are often processed with this in studies looking for organisms living in the sediments, the wash bucket gets rid of most of the sediments and all that is left are the critters (worms, snails, clams and small crustaceans) that live in the mud or sand. The CTD is one kind of profiler - that is, it descends through the water column making continuous measurements. RiverWalker88's Practice Test Test; -#4yl&r35_TPyl%|zzOoT-OA$j&zr{Q{B 0b:cH7?a z@j0n*'HoOQT(P7#U`fW5[2 oGTgopb
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0 zFT'x*w@JBd)[y{~M endobj A result of constructive and destructive interference that is seen on shore when waves do not all appear with a uniform size. What elements make up the structure of the ocean? Recently developed dual-frequency sidescan sonar can even be used to distinguish rock types. An area where fresh water from streams and rivers spill into the ocean. For example, are the gyres in the Atlantic and Pacific different types of ovals? The load contains dissolved materials such as sodium and calcium. In addition, receipt of satellite data useful for directing experiments at sea allows oceanographers to make efficient use of precious ship time. At the instrument's maximum depth of 1,000 to 6,500 feet (300 to 2,000 meters), the wire breaks. One array transmits a succession of sonic pulses in a 60 , 90, or 120 swath. A body of water that is surrounded by land it can be fresh water or salt water. -from fires (wild and non) endobj The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. the only light at this depth, and lower, comes from the bioluminescence of the animals themselves. b. Oceanography Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. ..spread non-biodegradable materials and air pollutants around the world. +is a key process within the water cycle a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other. Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. Teams will be presented with data, charts/graphs, pictures or diagrams and/or written descriptions. B. Click again to see term 1/229 Previous Next This zone is saturated with water. A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor. % the area of the ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf. :tRqwZnD7%jI$|B|1GV,-#r b0q{fv+~$}-06vW,By~z5[!X q8RzTSyajQXVJp Zpw$c^m]#u|Run:pFjqfX>jYKvN+zCn)ksNqIC
IR>>}2|%DianTRT what is the type of wind driven wave that is found in large bays or semi enclosed areas? Required Materials: Each team may bring one 2 or smaller three-ring binder measured by the interior diameter of the rings. The key answer is that the shape of the gyre is determined by whether the winds torque the water in a clockwise or in a counterclockwise direction. Is whale communication impacted by changes in ocean properties? :pX9-;
IYl4!jHQNsTRo%VrnLiK5a?67TNXJ\p'q qjfK56_2]8}dL3p`d8T(o5X:o;;)GdC@=e!/, -+?nj?tRcy{;t-S*4dNTjQOSNV%gjyfU? -is the volume of water passing through a measuring point in a river at a given time, the amount of sediment that a river or stream carries, an overflowing of water in a normally dry area. Operating in conjunction with pumping systems, these instruments can yield organism samples as well as readings of the water's physical, chemical, and optical properties. A wave that surges ashore without breaking. Expressed as a ratio of salt (in grams) to L of water. JFIF C +high gradient = rapid flow of water The materials other than the water that are carried by a stream, Holes dug or drilled deep into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater, A well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer, well that extends into the zone of saturation in an unconfined aquifer, The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration, permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground. direction of water flow is where two rivers come together. a temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful effect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life, heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources. The drainage pattern developed in this case is called _______ drainage. One of the major parts in Earth's outer crust layer. A basin structure in which the streams converge toward the center. 39 0 obj develops where streams flow away from a common high point on cone- or dome-shaped geologic structures, such as volcanoes (opposite is centripetal). the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. dynamic equilibrium A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate; the rate of loss is equal to the rate of gain.