Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. Its possible that Salingers character in this case, Holden- is expressed in his own works: some literary critics insist that the author is very controversial, and his novels are not simple. It exist a thin line between seriousness and humour. She's got the stuff. Stradlater is a "Yearbook" kind of handsome guy. There are certain elements in every language which make reference to something else within the text or context of situation for their interpretation. Meaning is not some abstract object that is independent of people and culture. And finally, it can be said that Salinger didnt assume the fame as well as other authors and hes actually out of the literary world. Generally speaking, the more difficult an expression is to understand and the less sense it makes in a given context, the more likely a translator will recognize it as an idiom. Central Idea Essay: What Does the Title Mean? The first chapter of this study shall define the notion of Translation difficulties and present the representatives of the Modern period and some critics about one of the representative of this period which is J. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. He clearly identifies with those on the other side of the game, and he feels alone and victimized, as though the world is against him. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. While the young protagonists of Salinger's stories (such as Holden Caulfield) have made him a longtime favorite of high school and university audiences, establishing Salinger as "the spokesman for the goals and values for a generation of youth during the 1950's" (qtd. The semantics of a word reflects different signs of the subject and the relation of its meanings to other objects it denotes. People often are not themselves clear on whether they are arguing for or explaining something. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. According to Lotfipour-Saedi, the texture of a text can be characterized by textual features of: Cohesive relations may be grammatical or lexical. Contextual meaning of a word is always effective semantically and stylistically owing to its unexpectedness as well. J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. Then if he does it, he does it his way. Holden's loneliness, a more concrete manifestation of his alienation problem, is a driving force throughout the book. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is `functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning'. Already a member? There are a lot of Salinger pieces in the University of Texas, at Austins Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center rare books collection; although some contemporary critics see a clear progression in Salingers published works, they think that The Catcher in the Rye is so brilliant. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. Selling the typewriter also allows Holden to establish that he is "loaded" with money because of his grandmother's generosity and can afford to spend several days and nights in Manhattan. All mentioned above features about translation difficulties single out that it can be concluded: there are three main types of translation difficulties: grammatical, lexical and stylistical difficulties in translation. In the end of researching this paper was established two interesting facts, the first is : The Catcher in the Rye can be strongly considered as one of the greatest novels of all time and Holden Caulfield distinguishes himself as one of the greatest and most diverse characters., The second is: Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. We are lucky to present you. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. Another very important conclusion reached is that translations and retranslations are countrys literary system. Like hell it is. I took it off and looked at it. There are various types of idioms, some more easily recognizable than others. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. It lowers, if temporarily, "the dignity of formal or serious speech or writing"; in other words, it is likely to be seen in such contexts as a "glaring misuse of register.". Ackley has awful teeth, which he never brushes, lots of pimples, and a lousy personality, according to Holden. A text has some features which make the texture of a text. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. Every word in a language carries some concrete notion. "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place." The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. What are some of the things Holden tells Stradlater about her? So it can be concluded that Salinger tries to explain what these three elements can do for search the true happiness. Or a house Just make it descriptive as hell.". Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. Holden idealizes Allie, praising his intelligence and sensitivitythe poem--covered baseball glove is a perfect emblem for bothbut remaining silent about his emotional reaction to Allies death. But then, they have solutions and they can change their hard conditions for better ones. The conclusion is that the major themes, patterns and motifs that recur in Salingers fiction and develop into major and instantly recognizable archetypes, his trademarks, and at the same time a very clear indication of the very evolution of his writing technique, mainly refer to: The research has also led to the conclusion that the recurrent pattern of the letter or of the note plays a very well defined role in J. D. Salingers fiction and it is usually manifested through the characters repeated reading or memorizing of them in different (mostly difficult) situations. The straightforward approach to his novel caused a hurricane of controversy in America. In the theory of translation, this type of code switching is called atransformation. Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. J.D. But the impossibility of such a fantasy is the tragedy of Holden's situation: rather than face the challenges around him, he retreats to a fantasy world of his own making. Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? Holden is a 16-year-old boy who is struggling with the aftermath of his younger brother's death. Words in languages have some definite relation characteristic only to the given language. Throughout the novel, Holden seems to be excluded from and victimized by the world around him. The conclusion is that although such cases of suppression or censure of the ST are not desirable or should never happen, in reality they do exist (and this chapter has offered some examples in point), but the fact that more and more people take interest in such situations may indicate that they may stop occurring in the future. elements of grammar, which Popovic sees as being a higher category than lexical equivalence. Ionescus translation has also accomplished its aim by the fact that it addresses young people and it uses 80-90% of their typical language, with very few exceptions (most likely limited by the social and cultural constraints of our modern society). In his definition of translation equivalence, Popovic distinguished four types: Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. Short Summaries of the Books . In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. The semantic structure of a word predefines the possibility of its contextual use, and the translation of contextual meaning presents a hard task to translators. Observe the cat is scratching right now." Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. Use of contractions: youll, dont, theyre, thats, isnt, hes. The word kid is one of the numerous words which is used in the context with all his meanings such as Ackley kid? In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. Summary: Chapter 6. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? Holden cannot get a moment alone; Ackley continues to barge in with his made-up sex stories, and when Holden writes the very personal composition about his brother Allie, Stradlater criticizes it and then taunts Holden about Jane. The Romanian version tends to add words or phrases to the TT. Holden is obsessed with childhood because he chooses to be wedged between a world of the innocence of children and the complex world of adulthood. They are eulogistic and ephemeral unless they become language metaphors by being diffused through popular speech and, later, the media. Ultimately Carl learns independence, to do with himself and the people around him. Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. Nothing. Lexical transformations are also caused by necessity to concretize a word while translating. answer choices He had been expelled because he failed four of five subjects. Salinger seems to be almost identical to Holden in the story. Where is Holden as he narrates the story? Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. In this first chapter were also presented major biographical data on Salingers life and on his literary works in chronological order in order to emphasize the similarities and differences between his life and some of the events presented in his fiction. Intralinguistic transfer can also be illustrated by stylistic differentiation. He goes to Mr. Antolini's because he feels he can trust and confide in himit seems to be his final chance to save himself. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? It is like when polysemantic words in English and other languages do not coincide in their lexical-semantic variants and the same is when differ the function of identical stylistic device. And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. He fought in war. Holdens curiosity about where the ducks go during winter shows a more genuine and youthful side to his character. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. He travels to New York at Christmastime to make a genuine human connection with another person.. 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it's a game, all rightI'll admit that. Little Brown Books, New York: 1945. Rev. Every citizen how the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. He just got a Jaguar. He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. A lot of critics were expressed after the publishing of J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. If you do, you start missing everybody"? He is a nonconformist. A major theme and also strong influence concerns the war and the army life present throughout his short stories, especially during and after his participation in the Second World War.