These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. However her own violent disposition erupted in February 1945; during a drunken argument Tilly shot Parsons and was arrested for attempted murder. One of Sydney's most notorious women, Tilly Devine left the slums of London as a war bride bound for Sydney in 1920. Police described her as a prostitute of the worst type and an associate of the worst types of prostitutes, vagrants, and criminals.. By Lucy Mae Beers For Daily Mail Australia, Published: 12:33 EST, 24 May 2016 | Updated: 18:38 EST, 24 May 2016. She owned a three-bedroom home in the Sydney east suburb of Maroubra and hosted many gangster parties. The cousin of Helen Mirren, Mallet was born on 19 May 1941 in Blackpool. "[29] She sold off her last brothel in Palmer Street, Darlinghurst in 1968, and died two years later. At the time of her death, aged 83, Kate Leigh was living in virtual poverty in a small room above one of her old illegal hotels at 212 Devonshire Street, Surry Hills and was financially dependent on her nephew, William John Beahan, who ran a mixed business in the shop in the downstairs part of the premises. Dictionary of Sydney | publisher = Dictionary of Sydney Trust | accessdate =, cite web | url = http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/tilly_devine | title = Tilly Devine | accessdate =, (From: Frank Fahy - Scrapbook of an undercover policeman, 1920-1952) (Mitchell Library), Matilda Devine criminal record number 659LB, 27 May 1925, Long Bay Gaol, James Edward Devine jail photograph 6 March 1923, Entry for Kate Leigh in State Reformatory for Women, Long Bay Photographic Description Book, 1915, James Edward Devine jail photograph 25 August 1939, 'No More Trouble', says Tilly Devine 1952, Study in Scarlet: Kate Leigh and Tilly Devine 1950, [The Mirror (Perth) 5 January 1952, p4 (via Trove)]. On her return, she had a blazing row with Jim Devine after she discovered he was having an affair. In 1936, with the insistence of Police Commissioner William Mackay, they agreed to an uneasy truce. Devine faced numerous court summons and was convicted on 204 occasions during her long criminal career, and served many gaol sentences in New South Wales gaols, mainly for prostitution, violent assault, affray and attempted murder. He was also an alcoholic. Though most of her money was made through bootlegging, she also owned a number of brothels and sold drugs. After arriving in Australia, Tilly Devine once again picked up sex work, charging the high price of 10 shillings per encounter. The major purpose of the updated version is to provide a single published source of code assignments including terms not indexed in Volume 3 of ICD-10. Kates daughter Eileen also used the name Leigh until she married in 1920. Radev invaded the lives of his extortion victims and terrorized them until his demands were met. The large property was protected by her bodyguards and beloved Pomeranian dogs. The number of deaths and death rates can be obtained by place of residence (United States . Magenta Devine (PA) Television presenter Magenta Devine, best known for her reportage and travel shows for the BBC and ITV, has died at the age of 61. Her life inspired Peter Kenna's play The Slaughter of St Teresa's Day and Larry Writer's successful book Razor; Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the Razor Gangs has been re-published many times since the first edition appeared in 2001. Despite her protests and appeals, she was forced to sell many of her properties off. Geez, everyone would be arrested today. [16] She quickly fell for Eric Parsons, a seaman and barman a few years younger than herself. Sir McDonald (pictured) worked as one of her bodyguards, After years of abuse, Devine finally filed for divorce from Big Jim in 1945 after more than 25 years of marriage, Court documents showed a 'blood stained' razor was discovered in the gutter near Ms Devine's Surry Hills home on Crown Street, linking her to the crime, Both Devine and Leigh had fearsome gangs, who would frequently attack each other in the street in Sydney. The broadcaster, rarely seen without her trademark black. [media]In 1948 Tilly sailed first class to England to visit her elderly father. Sydney's biggest brothel owner was ex-prostitute Tilly Devine, assisted by the Police Offences (Amendment) Act of 1908, which outlawed men but - thanks to a sexist oversight - not women from running such places. The comments below have not been moderated. [5], Devine became infamous in Sydney, initially as a prostitute, then later as a brothel madam and organised crime entrepreneur. One old lady proposed a toast, 'but no-one bothered to drink.' Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Her husband worked as her pimp, chauffeur, and getaway man, and he also started selling opium and cocaine to bring in extra money. Tilley's is recognised as a fantastic live music venue, although live music gigs were scaled back in 2005 in order to concentrate on the restaurant . She and many English women were usually found soliciting on the wide footpaths on The Strand, at night. [20] This status however was soon to disappear. [media]Once one of Sydney's most ruthless and wealthiest madams, Tilly Devine died in rather pathetic circumstances of poverty and pain. Jimmy Carter's smiling, man-of-the-people image that saw him carry his own luggage was 'all show', say ex-Secret Service agents who claim ex-president was 'rude and short' and 'talked down' to soldiers, Ethics investigators say there's 'substantial reason to believe' AOC DID violate House rules by attending 2021 Met Gala on $35,000 comped ticket, Tennessee Gov. It is a thirteen-part series detailing real events that occurred in Sydney between 1927 and 1936. What we end up with, when we look beyond the scary headline of medical errors as the third leading cause of death, is an analysis of studies that were never meant to look at deaths caused by medical errors, often reporting a very small number of deaths from populations that are not generalizable to the whole of the United States, and being . With Alan Glover, Tara Moss, Toni Pearen. But if they hold a wake for her the sorrow will be slobber and crocodile tears. Their young son, Frederick, remained in London with his grandparents. She was known to the police to be of a violent nature and was known to use firearms. New South Wales State Archives and Records. She had put up with his infidelities, brutal violence and drunkenness for the past 27 years. [27], Although Devine had been one of Sydney's wealthiest women, by 1955 the Taxation Department ordered her to pay more than 20,000 in unpaid income tax and fines sending her close to bankruptcy. Between 1921 and 1925 Tilly Devine was arrested on seventy-nine occasions for prostitution offences, often referred to in the criminal records as 'offensive behaviour' and 'indecent language'. [22] She was arrested by police and charged with the shooting,[23] but was acquitted at trial on 31 March 1945. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Ms Devine spent two years at Long Bay prison for slicing Mr Corke's hand and on her release was determined to start her own brothel rather than continue life as a prostitute. British monarch and Head of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabeth II became the first reigning monarch to set foot on Australian soil when she came ashore at Farm Cove on her first royal visit in 1954. [citation needed], Devine had suffered from chronic bronchitis for 20 years, and died of cancer, aged 70 at the Concord Repatriation Hospital in Sydney on 24 November 1970. | Updated Fri 8 Mar 2019, 5:08pm. Assisted Dying 4. Soon, Tilly Devine and Big Jim started looking for other ways to make a living that would keep them both out of jail. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. More sinister however was the charge of 'maliciously wounding' Sidney Cork, a confectioner living at 474 Bourke Street, with a razor blade in May 1925. Among those 85 and older, COVID-19 was the second leading cause of death in 2020, but dropped to third in 2021, likely because of targeted vaccination efforts in this age group. Death Date. He returned to Sydney in 1919 and she . Similar illnesses, like the flu and pneumonia, have historically caused many fewer deaths. [5], By 1925 Tilly was well known to police. [1] Kay Saunders, Notorious Australian Women (Sydney: Harper Collins, 2011): 195, [2] Jim and Tilly earned formidable reputations; both could be foul-mouthed, vicious and ruthless with a weapon. The movie actor Andy Devine died at the age of 71. Larry Writer. [2]. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1990. A newspaper stated at the time, Lewis alleged that Devine scratched her and getting her teeth on her little finger would not let go until the police intervened.. perfect place to take someone for a special degustation experience, harking back to the great age of organically bohemian "hole in the . Originally comprising one infantry division and one light horse brigade it was enlarged several times, serving in Gallipoli, the Western Front, the Sinai and Palestine. According to records from Arkansas Court Connect, an Oct. 23 and Oct. 24 motion and plea day has been set for Charles A. Devine of Osceola. Inner-east residential suburb, named for the London borough, with 3,800 terrace houses built between 1860 and 1890. For years the two women led two very dangerous and deadly gangs. Tilly Devine, known as the Queen of Woolloomooloo ran a string of brothels centred around Darlinghurst and the Cross, and in particular, Palmer Street. Devine committed a number of high-profile murders in Sydney between 1929 and 1931: notably, the murder of criminal George Leonard "Gregory" Gaffney on 17 July 1929,[8][9][10] secondly, as an accessory to the murder of Barney Dalton[11][12] on 9 November 1929 (with infamous Sydney gangster and assassin, Francis Donald "Frankie" Green) and, thirdly, the accidental shooting of taxi driver, Frederick Herbert Moffitt on 16 June 1931. 10. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs. Part II Causes in Part II are other significant conditions contributing to the death, but not directly related to the disease or the condition causing it. Tilly and Jim Devine's marriage was marred by domestic violence. By 1936, the violence between the womens two razor gangs was such an issue that Sydney police commissioner William MacKay made a deal with Leigh and Devine: If they stopped the bloody battles on the streets, the police would turn a blind eye to their other illegal endeavors. 1981. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/devine-matilda-mary-tilly-5970/text10185, published first in hardcopy 1981. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The war also brought out her more benevolent side; she held respectable parties, the proceeds of which were given to Australian soldiers' families and she also gave generously to veteran's welfare associations and to children in hospital. They lived together in Sydney for six months, Kate continuing business as usual. Mortality information is collected by state registries and provided to the National Vital Statistics System. Census 1901, Camberwell, St George, District 5, page 12, "Devine, Matilda Mary (Tilly) (19001970): Obituary", "Devine, Matilda Mary (Tilly) (19001970)", "Tilly Devine & the Razor Gang Wars, 19271931", State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales, "Tilly Devine on Attempted Murder Charge in Sydney", "Desperate Gun Duel. Where did Kate Leigh live at the time of her death? Latest Microsoft Patches Cause Black Screen of Death. The newlyweds relationship was turbulent from the beginning. Cor pulmonale [4] However, inside Long Bay, she was known as 'Pretty Tilly.' Devine was dubbed the 'Worst Woman in Sydney' and after years of working as a street-walking prostitute, she had her first prison stint in 1925 after slashing a man's hand with a razor until 'blood squirted in his face'. Audio Episode. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Sex and Secrets: Crimes involving Australian Women since 1880. She died in Concord Repatriation Hospital last night. Since her death, however, Tilly Devine has attained something of a legendary stature. The series was based on the Ned Kelly Award-winning book by Larry Writer. Photos taken of Tilly Devine by police after one of her many arrests in 1925. Family members were contacted and her plaque was taken by family. Unsurprisingly, Devine made many enemies while running her business and her most notorious adversary was Kate Leigh. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Despite their fierce and often violent rivalry throughout the 1920s and 30s, Kate Leigh (left) and Tilly Devine made up later in life. While Devine spent time in prison, another woman was on the rise as a second 'Queen' of the city. Photographs of police reports relating to Tilly Devine (pictured) and Kate Leigh have surfaced, revealing their extensive criminal history including assault, carrying razors, shooting with intent, prostitution, offensive behaviour and indecent language, Devine and Leigh (pictured) headed two of the most powerful rival 'Razor' gangs in the 1920s, were largely considered the Queens of the city as they battled for control of Sydney's criminal underworld, 'When I looked at it the blood squirted in my face.'. Their terrified neighbours called the police resulting in Jim being arrested and charged over the incident. Tilly Devine died shortly after, on Nov. 24, 1970, after a battle with chronic bronchitis and cancer. She said "There he is, the b*****d," and swung her arm and I put my hand up to my face and I felt the sting then saw blood,' victim Sydney Thomas Thornton Corke said in a police report. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Lee was raised in Milton, West Virginia. She employed a gang of criminals to act as bodyguards for her workers, and she achieved such success that she became known as the Queen of Woolloomooloo, the area of the city in which she primarily operated. 5 COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death in 2020, with an estimated 345 323 deaths, and was largely responsible for the . [10], George Gaffney [media]had been a leading figure in the underworld gang led by Tilly's great rival Kate Leigh, the queen of sly-grog in the Surry Hills area of Sydney, with her own flourishing business dealing in cocaine and stolen goods. Tilly Devine was a prostitute who founded a criminal empire on the mean streets of Sydney after the First World War. Give a dog a bad name and it sticks, Devine said. Her career in prostitution began when she was a teenager and continued after she was married. In 1943 Tilly Devine was charged with maliciously wounding one of her prostitutes, Ellen Grimson, with a knife to the face. Cancer (malignant tumour, malignant disease, etc) 5. During her heyday, Kate Leigh owned and operated more than thirty different sly grog hotels at different locations in inner Sydney that generated thousands of pounds in profit annually. In 1954 she was declared bankrupt for failing to pay some 6191 in arrears of taxes. Tilly Devine & the Razor Gang Wars, 1927-31. http://gallery.records.nsw.gov.au/index.php/galleries/people-of-interest/tilly-devine-the-razor-gang-wars-1927-31/. Big Jim was later found not guilty of murder on the grounds that he was defending himself, his wife and his home. Each death certificate contains a single underlying cause of death, and demographic data. She was nicknamed The Angel of Death, The Black Widow and Pretty Dulcie. The razor gang era features in the University of Sydney's history course Sin City: A History of Sydney. Just another site. She was a wretched woman. A mugshot of Kate Leigh, Tilly Devines biggest rival. She ran a successful business that illegally sold alcohol after 6pm. Tilly defended her own turf with a sharp tongue and even sharper knives and razors. Razor is set during the Roaring Twenties and 1930s, mainly between 1927 and 1936 in Sydney, when organised crime in Australia became more prominent. New evidence continues to suggest that Einstein was right, death is an illusion. A cause of death has yet to be confirmed . Unintentional injuries are now the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. acceptable if another cause of death in a, b, or c requires referral to the coroner. When Leighs gang returned at midnight, Big Jim fatally shot George Gaffney, one of Leighs best men. Known as 'The Little Gunman' because of his short stature, Frank Green was the lover of Nellie Cameron and rival of Guido Calletti. On 9 January 1931, Jim was charged at Central Police Court with the attempted murder of his wife after a heated argument at their Maroubra home. By the end of the decade she was operating 18 brothels in East Sydney. Contact Us, is charged with maliciously wounding Sidney Cork with a razor, is sentenced to two years for slashing Sidney Corke with a razor, 'Matilda Devine Remanded: Promise to Leave Australia', 'Husband Charged - Alleged to Have Shot at Wife', 'Hit With Shoe: Witness Attacked by Woman', is charged with using indecent language and assaulting a police officer, is sentenced to six months gaol for consorting, 'Green is not Guilty: Uproar Caused by Tilly Devine', 'Underworld Character: Conviction at Kalgoorlie', is committed for trial on a charge of stealing, seeks a divorce from James Devine on the ground of cruelty, 'House Declared Disorderly: Action Under New State Law', 'Tilly Devine Discharged: Shooting Charge Fails', 'Tilly Devine's Husband Treated for Stab Wound', 'La Devine Tilly: A Blonde Dynamo Purrs into Social Respectability', Love, Tilly Devine winebar (Darlinghurst, Sydney), Tilley's: Devine Cafe and Gallery (Lyneham, Canberra). According to old police reports, Devine's criminal history included offensive behaviour, indecent language, assault, common prostitution and contempt of court. Age of Death. When Jim returned to Australia she followed him back on the bride ship Waimana, arriving in Sydney on 13 January 1920. By 25 he led the Darlinghurst Push, a gang of street brawlers and stand-over men. She was also charged with fighting and consorting with known criminals. Children, wives, family members were dragged in to his world of violence. Seaman and husband of madam and sly-grog seller, Tilly Devine who claimed he was the best man she'd ever known. The decrease seen in the rates of death due to pneumonia and influenza is a prime example of this. Devine was charged by the famous Sydney Detective Frank Farrell on many occasions, and their feud lasted for 30 years. Devine owned a three-bedroom home in the Sydney east suburb of Maroubra (pictured) and hosted many gangster parties, Devine was dubbed the 'Worst Woman in Sydney' and after years of working as a street-walking prostitute, she had her first prison stint in 1925 after slashing a man's hand with a razor until 'blood squirted in his face' (pictured is the victim's police statement), Devine, who was born in England in 1900 as Matilda Twiss, began working as a prostitute after leaving school, A police document reported a 'blood stained' razor was discovered in the gutter near Ms Devine's Surry Hills home on Crown Street, linking her to the crime, Devine was dubbed the 'Worst Woman in Sydney' and had anextensive criminal history including assault, carrying razors, shooting with intent, prostitution, offensive behaviour and indecent language. She sported an elaborate platinum-blonde hairdo, heavy make-up, diamond rings on every finger and expensive fur coats in whose luxuriant folds she concealed a pistol or razor. "[31], Peter Kenna wrote a play called The Slaughter of St Teresas Day (1973 Currency Press),[32] where the lead character was based on Devine.[33]. 1 Did Kate Leigh and Tilly Devine become friends? Tilly's married name was Mrs Matilda Parsons. What are the physical state of oxygen at room temperature? The pandemic has also had an indirect effect on other causes of death in the United States. Feared enforcer for Australian organized crime, murderer . Razor brings a citys dark past back to life, and ensures that you will never look at inner Sydney in quite the same way again. Photographs of police reports relating to Tilly Devine and Kate Leigh and witness statements have surfaced, revealing their extensive criminal history including assault, carrying razors, shooting with intent, prostitution, offensive behaviour and indecent language. By the late 1920s, Devine was the proud owner of numerous brothels throughout Sydney. Is it easy to get an internship at Microsoft? Tilly's long reign was over. Hospital built in 1939-42 on land bequeathed for the purpose by Dame Eadith Walker, which was a military hospital during World War II and later a hospital for returned service personnel. Shearer, soldier, underworld figure and husband of the infamous prostitute, madam and sly-grog seller, Tilly Devine. Just a short time before their wedding, she shot him during a drunken argument, but charges were dropped when Parsons refused to testify against her. Then, read about Calamity Jane, the Wild Wests most notorious frontierswoman. The Historic Houses Trust in Australia has a forensic photography archive at the Justice & Police Museum which contains an estimated 130,000 images created by the New South Wales Police between 1910 and 1960. As Tilly ran out of the house, Jim fired a number of shots at her in a similar way to the murder of George Leonard Gaffney in 1929. The law had made it illegal for men to run a brothel or profit from the earnings of a sex worker but it said nothing about women. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Movie Actor. Devine does not seem to have run similar operations for the gay sex market during this time because she believed it was not right.[6]. Leigh was declared bankrupt after unpaid taxes and died in 1964. Photo: CHRIS SEABROOK. Tilly was born Matilda Mary Twiss on 8 September 1900 in Camberwell, South London. Tilly famously shot Parsons in the leg after an argument only months before they were married. South-eastern beachside suburb. What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? Both Devine and Leigh had fearsome gangs, who would frequently attack each other in the street and trash each other's businesses. Matilda Parsons (ne Twiss) (1900-1970) Thousands of English war brides came to Australia after the First World War, but one would become notorious as a leading Sydney criminal. Such vehicular accidents are the leading cause of death among 15 to 29 year old youths around the world. Lee signs bill BANNING transgender treatment for children into law, Department of Justice says Trump CAN be sued under 1871 anti-KKK law and be held liable for cops injured in the Capitol Riot, My mother is prettier than me but I don't mind - at least I know I'll age well, Time to ham-up those Irish roots, Joe! Kate Leigh, known as the Queen of Surry Hills, was a sly groger and fence for stolen property. But if they hold a wake for her the sorrow will be slobber and crocodile tears. South Melbourne: Pan Macmillan, 2009. Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis 3. 71 years. Much of her wealth was also used to pay bribes to the police sectors, and fines for her criminal convictions that spanned fifty years. He had brown hair and eyes, an L-shaped scar on his right cheek from a razor and several bullet wounds on his body. 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And her name, if perhaps not her legacy, is inscribed in the streetscape today with the popular and lively wine bar, Love, Tilly Devine in Crown Lane, Darlinghurst. Tilly and Jim Devine fitted right in with this motley crew. Lessons to be learned from Tilly's death | Western Advocate | Bathurst, NSW Lessons to be learned from Tilly's death JC By Jacinta Carroll Updated March 5 2022 - 3:45pm, first published March 4 2022 - 9:00am ALWAYS BE KIND: Tilly's parents, Murray Rosewarne and Emma Mason, holding a photo of Tilly. This is the story of the Worst Woman in Sydney.. Around the time she turned 16, Tilly Devine met James Edward Big Jim Devine, a soldier with the Australian Imperial Force who was stationed in London during World War I. Devine had suffered from chronic bronchitis for 20 years, and died of cancer, aged 70 at the Concord Repatriation Hospital in Sydney on 24 November 1970. Tilly Devine was a prostitute who founded a criminal empire on the mean streets of Sydney after the First World War. Cause of Death. Nellie Cameron was Tilly's star prostitute and was escorted by many notorious gangsters. [22]. Determined to rise above her humble station, however, Devine decided to go into sex work, and she began walking the streets of Londons glamorous West End. She married James Edward Devine - or Big Jim - in 1917 and the pair moved to Sydney two years later. Tabloid newspaper founded in 1879 under the name Sydney Daily Telegraph. She was described on a 1985 police report as a prostitute 'of the worst type' and an 'associate of the worst type of prostitute, vagrants and criminals'. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. During her lifetime, she amassed 100 convictions in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia for prostitution, vagrancy, consorting, assaulting police and the public, keeping a brothel and drunkenness and drunk driving. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Devine's wealth was legendary, although it was all earned from crime. [18] Shortly after Tilly separated from Jim, long time criminal associate, Donald Alexander Kenney (19061963), known as 'Skinny Kenney', became Tilly's lover and stand-over man. Both Devine and Leigh had fearsome gangs, who would frequently attack each other in the street and trash each other's businesses, Devine's husband gave evidence in 1929 about Gregory Gaffney, who was shot dead outside his home, Big Jim said he 'fired to frighten' Gregory Gaffney instead of harm him, Nellie Cameron (pictured) had many relationships with gangsters and became known as the 'kiss of death girl', Devine divorced her husband after years of abuse in 1945 after more than 25 years of marriage, The women headed two of the most powerful rival 'Razor' gangs in the 1920s in Sydney (pictured is Martin Place) and were largely considered the Queens of the city as they battled for control of Sydney's criminal underworld. On 9 January 1931, Jim was charged at Central Police Court with the attempted murder of his wife after a heated argument at their Maroubra home. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. [2] Both Tilly and Jim Devine rapidly became prominent illegal narcotics dealers, brothel owners and crime gangs members in the Sydney criminal milieu. [15][16], Tilly and Jim Devine's marriage was marred by domestic violence. Tilly Devine, born Matilda Mary Twiss in London, arrived in Sydney as a war bride in 1920 and became a formidable figure in the city's underworld, particularly in Palmer Street, Darlinghurst. Her family was poor, and she dropped out of school at the age of 12 to begin working in a factory. Their 27 years of marriage had been marked by violence Big Jim had even been charged with attempting to murder Devine after she caught him in an affair in the 1930s and she finally decided shed had enough. [media]In 1916 she met Australian James (Jim) Edward Joseph Devine, a sapper in the 4th Tunnelling Company of the Australian Imperial Force. Biden is planning to visit Belfast and Dublin NEXT MONTH to mark 25th anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement, Ted Cruz jokes he drank '11 Dr Peppers' before grilling 'politicized and partisan' Merrick Garland in the Senate - and demands Fauci be JAILED for 'lying' about the lab leak. 2 Lansdowne Street, Surry Hills By the end of the 1920s Darlinghurst was known as Razorhurst; razors became the weapon of choice for Sydney's criminals following the Pistol Licensing Act 1927 which threatened prison for anyone caught with an unregistered gun, [3] Brisbane Courier, Tuesday 24 March 1925: 15, [4] Police Report, 4 May 1925, in State Records NSW, 'Tilly Devine and the Razor Gang Wars', http://gallery.records.nsw.gov.au/index.php/galleries/people-of-interest/tilly-devine-the-razor-gang-wars-1927-31/, viewed 7 April 2016, [5] Larry Writer, Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs (South Melbourne: Pan Macmillan, 2009): 29, [6] Kay Saunders, Notorious Australian Women (Sydney: Harper Collins, 2011): 196, [7] Larry Writer, Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs (South Melbourne: Pan Macmillan, 2009): 31, [8] Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 13 October 1943: 10, [9] Sydney Morning Herald, 19 July 1929: 13, [10] Sydney Morning Herald, 14 September 1929: 14; Larry Writer Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs (South Melbourne: Pan Macmillan, 2009): 109-12, [11] Larry Writer, Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs (South Melbourne: Pan Macmillan, 2009): 20507, [12] Sydney Morning Herald, 15 January 1932: 6; Sydney Morning Herald, 5 March 1932: 10; Advertiser, 9 February 1934: 12; Courier Mail, 7 June 1938: 5, [13] Sydney Morning Herald, 6 February 1930: 8, [14] Sydney Morning Herald, 17 January 1931: 10; Brisbane Courier, 10 January 1931: 22, [15] Larry Writer, Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh and the razor gangs (South Melbourne: Pan Macmillan, 2009): 25657, [16] Jim later moved to Melbourne and died of pneumonia at Heidelberg on 18 August 1966, [17] Sydney Morning Herald, 21 February 1945: 5, [18] Sydney Morning Herald, 30 March 1945: 4, [20] Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 7 February 1953: 4, [21] Daily Telegraph, 25 November, 1970: 6, [22] Sydney Morning Herald, 25 November 1970: 18.