activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key

So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. (Grades 6 - 8). Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Focus. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? 61 0 obj <> endobj xref Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Thanks for your feedback! It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. Download. Quick Tips. If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. 0000004457 00000 n If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." Millions of people witnessed the motion of the earthquake on television. 9 - To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. 0000004060 00000 n Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream 0000103591 00000 n The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. 0000001978 00000 n Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. To complete the activity, some prior . 0000001746 00000 n Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. American Geosciences Institute. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. 0000003254 00000 n S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. (Grades distance = travel time for S waves By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. travel time for P waves. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. Legal. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Subjects: All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream inch = 500 km. Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Mr Gneiss. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. 0000001861 00000 n 3000 miles. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? (Listen to student ideas.) For this activity, select the "Chile" box. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream earthquake. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. As the drum rotated, the time for any point that is 3,000 miles earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. How far do S waves travel in 5 Use this information to complete the following. 0000001143 00000 n Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). 0000078169 00000 n 0000033429 00000 n For upper grades, have students work individually, do two of the three seismic area tutorials, and look up historical earthquakes to learn their magnitudes, and make data tables or graphs with this information. 0000000856 00000 n Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Cross), Give Me Liberty! Do you agree with this alignment? After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream 0000001562 00000 n They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF Alignment agreement: Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). The vertical lines, spaced one Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. earthquakes. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. Reading Strategy. aqmd. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are You can also download it, export it or print it out. You will receive your score and answers at the end. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). 2. In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . 0000001777 00000 n surface wave? 1. 0000002544 00000 n Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). The lag time for any At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Also commonly termed the focus. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. 13. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." minute apart, represent the passage of time To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Many updates and improvements! Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. 0000030240 00000 n 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Figure 2. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. 3. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history (Grades The travel-time graph 107 0 obj <>stream Upload a document. Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. Then do the same for the S-wave. (Source: USGS). Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. All rights reserved. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. S waves. 0000006984 00000 n to the lag time measured at this location? The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. !5(~q* Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. to the lag time measured at this location? P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. The time Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) What data is used to determine magnitude? HS-PS4-1. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. 0000030968 00000 n 0000007783 00000 n The distance is in kilometers. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. The Earthquakes Living Lab gives students the chance to track earthquakes across the planet and examine where, why and how they are occurring. pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Key Facts & Information. %%EOF How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable 0000002840 00000 n HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. 2. 0000004511 00000 n One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. at that station. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. and S waves to travel any distance up to 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. Add to FlexBook Textbook. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Resources. How does the lag time change as you get farther and Seismograms Finding the Epicenter. The seismometers are shown as green dots. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day.

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