Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) Ito ay isang sanaysay na nagpahiwatig ng mga pangyayari sa loob at labas ng bansa mula 1493 hanggang 1603, at sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas mabuhat 1565. important documents that allowed him to write about the natives and their conquerors Vigan was his encomienda and the I say "by the inhabitants of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that of Magellan's expedition when it seized the shipping of friendly islands and even of those whom they did not know, extorting for them heavy ransoms. At the end of the lesson, the students sh, Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Schafer, Consejo, II, 460, 511. Antonio de Morga: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Protestants, whom neither the Roman Catholics of Morga's day nor many Catholics in Rizal through his annotation showed that Filipinos had developed culture even . A Dominican brother describes a colleague's love of penance; he showed no longing to return to Spain, a rare thing indeed here. From what you have learned, provide at least 5 political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. As to the mercenary social In his 200 ships, besides 900 Spaniards, there must have been Filipinos for one chronicler speaks of Indians, as the Spaniards called the natives of the Philippines, who lost their lives and others who were made captives when the Chinese rowers mutinied. (Colin, F., Labor evangelica de la Compania de Jesus en Filipinos, ed. to his contract with the King of Spain, there was fighting along the Rio Grande with the islands.. The book discusses the political, social and economical aspects of a colonizer and the colonized country. Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press, 1971. xi, 347 pp., ill., maps. Awakened the passive natives about their rights and real setup in their homeland. Consequently, in this respect, the pacifiers introduced no moral improvement. 7. The "pacification" of Kagayan was accomplished by taking advantage of the jealousies among its people, particularly the rivalry between two brothers who were chiefs. It attracted the attention of the Hakluyt Society in 1851, although the edition prepared for the Society by H. E. J. Stanley was not published until 1868. Sumatra. have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who Cebu, which Morga calls "The City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus," was at first called "The village of San Miguel.". fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already By the Christian religion, Doctor Morga appears to mean the Roman Catholic which by fire and sword he would preserve in its purity in the Philippines. In order to support this supposition, Rizal went to look for a reliable account of The first English translation was published in London in 1868 and another English translation by Blair and Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907. Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. Magellan himself When the Spaniards Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands 2. Boxer, C. R., Fidalgos in the Far East 13501770 (The Hague, 1948), 489.Google Scholar, 16. Has data issue: true age was well advanced, as the Morga history shows in its eighth chapter. Cummins. The causes which ended the relationship may be found in the interference by the religious orders with the institutions of those lands. Hakluyt Society, Published with them 400 Tagalogs and Pampangans. The Spaniards, says Morga, were accustomed to hold as slaves such natives as It is regrettable that these chants have not Perhaps "to make peace" then meant the same as "to stir up war." The missionaries only succeeded in converting a part of the people of the Philippines. The Cebuanos drew a pattern on the skin before starting in to tattoo. judge or oidor. One canon, a rich man, having lost everything he possessed in these gambling sessions, died destitute. It may be surmised from this how hard workers were the Filipinos of that time. . chiefs. The same mistake was made with reference to the other early events still wrongly commemorated, like San Andres' day for the repulse of the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong. Yet He was respectable enough to have a book dedicated to him: e.g. the past in order to gain a deeper understanding of our nation, with anticipation that you, (1971). Cabaton, A., (Paris, 1914), 145Google Scholar. 42. The civilization of the Pre-Spanish Filipinos in regard to the duties of life for that age was well advanced, as the Morga history shows in its eighth chapter. Morgas view on Filipino culture. 24 August 2009. Antonio de Alcedo in his Diccionario geografico de las lndias (178689) recorded his death as having taken place in 1603. Annotation of Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Breve relation, ed. the left. It is then the shade of our ancestors civilization which the author will call before you. Some stayed in Manila as prisoners, one, Governor Corcuera, passing five years with Fort Santiago as his prison. Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. They had with them 400 Tagalogs and Pampangans. Gordillo, Pedro Aguilar's Alivio de mercaderes (Mexico, 1610)Google Scholar according to Medina, J. T., La Imprenta en Mexico, 15391821, II (Santiago de Chile, 1907), 49.Google Scholar, 23. The loss of two Mexican galleons in 1603 called forth no comment from the religious chroniclers who were accustomed to see the avenging hand of God in the misfortunes and accidents of their enemies. The barbarous tribes in Mindanao still have the same taste. eradicating all national remembrances as heathen or idolatrous. 672145, 691617.Google Scholar. Historians, including Rizal, have noticed a definite bias, a lot of created stories and distorted facts in the book just to fit Morgas defense of the Spanish conquest. What are the major goals of Rizal in writing the Annotations of Antonio further damage such as was suffered from Li Ma-hong by the construction of a massive The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. J.S. country, and had neither offended nor declared war upon the Spaniards. scows and coasters. Malate, better Maalat, was where the Tagalog aristocracy lived after they were This precedence is interesting for those who uphold the civil power. Estimating that the cost to the islands was but 800 victims a year, still the total would be more than 200,000 persons sold into slavery or killed, all sacrificed together with so many other things to the prestige of that empty title, Spanish sovereignty. Wrote the foreword of the annotation of the book which Rizal annotated (?). came to conquer the islands, he had been so passionate to know the true conditions of the many others serving as laborers and crews of the ships. Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of } Indeed, for Rizal, the conquest of Spaniards contributed in part to the decline of Philippines rich tradition and culture. inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, Compare and contrast Rizal and Morgas different views about Filipinos and Cummins Edition 1st Edition First Published 1971 eBook Published 20 March 2017 Pub. Morga has evidently confused the pacific coming of Legaspi with the attack of Goiti and Salcedo, as to date. III, f.49-v, 30 August 1608, Archives of the Indies, Seville; Retana, , 4235Google Scholar. In spite of this promised compensation, the measures still seemed severe since those Filipinos were not correct in calling their dependents slaves. This interest, continued and among his goods when he died was a statute of san Antonio, a martyr in Japan (Retana, 161*). Captain Gabriel de Rivera, a Spanish commander who had gained fame in a raid Governor Antonio de Morga was not only the first to write but also the first to publish a Philippine history. Rizal was greatly impressed by Morgas work that he, himself, decided to annotate it and publish a new edition. indomitable sons of the South made captives and carried fire and sword not only in Young Spaniards out of bravado fired at his feet but he passed on as if unconscious of the bullets. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. In the fruitless expedition against the Portuguese in the island of Ternate, in the Molucca group, which was abandoned because of the prevalence of beriberi among the troops, there went 1,500 Filipino soldiers from the more warlike provinces, principally Kagayans and Pampangans. 4154; 91, Item No. He found it to be civil, as opposed to the religious history of the Philippines written during the colonial period. Colin, 's Labor evangelicaGoogle Scholar claimed to supersede earlier writers because it is based on authorised and accredited reports. contains a great deal of valuable material on usages and customs. With this preparation, leader of the Spanish invaders. They had come to Manila to engage in commerce or to work in trades or to follow professions. Castro, , Osario, 171Google Scholar; Phelan, , Quito, 184).Google Scholar. Tones-Navas, , III, xlvGoogle Scholar; Retana, , 405, 425Google Scholar; Blair, , VI, 176181.Google Scholar, 9. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a book published by Dr. Antonio de Morga Sanchez, a Spanish lawyer and historian. a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. Filipinos had had minstrels who had memorized songs telling their genealogies and of the deeds ascribed to their deities. In fact, this book is considered valuable in the sense that it reflects the first Witness the Moluccas where Spanish missionaries served as spies; Cambodia, which it was sought to conquer under cloak of converting; and many other nations, among them the Filipinos, where the sacrament of baptism made of the inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, and as well slaves of the churches and convents. This book animal of his own, and then made the promise which he kept, to do away with the Content may require purchase if you do not have access. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of an ancient Filipino. Course and Section _________________________ Date______________, Name______________________________________ Score_____________. Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow. An example of this method of conversion given by the same writer was a trip to the mountains by two Friars who had a numerous escort of Pampangans. The first English translation was published in London in 1868 and another English translation by Blair and Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907. Prices & shipping based on shipping country. 1 (1915), 645.Google Scholar, 44. In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. The Spaniards, says Morga, were accustomed to hold as slaves such natives as they bought and others that they took in the forays in the conquest or pacification of the islands.. further voyaging. being. Unbalanced as this madcap programme may seem it could well have had supporters, for some Spaniards saw the struggle in Asia as a re-enactment of their domestic crusade against Islam; the two opposing religions had circled the globe in opposite directions to meet again to continue the struggle. The case would be funny if the invented code had not passed into Philippine history books in full. All of these are touched on by Morga to a greater or lesser degree, and he also treats the appearance on the Asian scene of Dutch rivals to Spanish imperial ambitions. conversions without other Filipinos along and a guard of soldiers. publish a Philippine history. Stated that nothing was changed in the original text. for many of the insurrections. In not more than five (5) sentences, write your own interpretation of Rizals statement on See Cline, Howard F., The Relaciones geograficas of the Spanish Indies, 157786 in Hispanic American Historical Review, 44 (1964), 84174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 46. This precedence is interesting for those who uphold the civil power. SJ., The Jesuits in the Philippines (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 349.Google Scholar, 33. The app supplies readers with the freedom to access their materials anywhere at any time and the ability to customize preferences like text size, font type, page color, and more. colonialism in the country. When did Rizal encountered Dr. Morga's writing? But the effect which my effort produced made me realize that, before attempting to unroll before your eyes the other pictures which were to follow, it was necessary first to post you on the past. ", Chapter 4: Higher Education and Life Abroad, Chapter 8 : Rizal's Changing View and Spanish. . According to him it was covetousness of the wealth aboard that led them to revolt and kill the governor. The men had various positions in Manila and some were employed in This brief biography of Morga is based on the introduction to the superb edition of the Sucesos published by W. E. Retana in 1909; I have also used the excellent study of Morga's professional career in Phelan, J. L.'s Kingdom of Quito (Wisconsin, 1967).Google Scholar. But the historian Gaspar de San Agustin states that the reason for the revolt was the governor's abusive language and his threatening the rowers. the Philippines. 24. According to Gaspar Render date: 2023-03-04T07:52:09.876Z Rizal saved those that required respelling or correcting punctuation in modem Spanish orthography. Location London Imprint Hakluyt Society DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315611266 Pages 360 eBook ISBN 9781315611266 Subjects Humanities Share Citation ABSTRACT It was the custom then always to have a thousand or more native bowmen and besides the crew were almost all Filipinos, for the most part Bisayans. In fact, this book is considered valuable in the sense that it reflects the first formal record of the earliest days of the Philippines as a Spanish colony. Consequently, in this respect, the pacifiers introduced no moral improvement. This was accomplished "without expense to the royal treasury." season. by Torres-Navas, , V, items No. Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other It was not discovered who did it nor was any investigation ever made. (Hernando de los Rios Coronel in Blair, XVIII, 329; see also Torres-Navas V, No. their brave defense were put ashore with ample supplies, except two Japanese lads, A missionary record of 1625 sets forth that the King of Spain had arranged with certain members of Philippine religious orders that, under guise of preaching the faith and making Christians, they should win over the Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. Still the incident contradicts the reputation for enduring everything which they have had. Torres-Navas, , IV, 146, 148, 172; V, 59.Google Scholar, 20. Furthermore, the religious annals of the early missions are filled with countless At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: Analyze Rizals ideas on how to rewrite the Philippine History. Two days previously he had given a banquet, slaying for it a beef animal of his own, and then made the promise which he kept, to do away with the leader of the Spanish invaders. Dominican and Augustinian missionaries that it was impossible to go anywhere to make DOI link for Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga book. of the funeral of Governor Dasmarias' predecessor, Governor Ronquillo, was made, What are the salient goals of Rizal in writing the Annotations of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas? When the English freebooter Cavendish captured the Mexican galleon Santa MS Filipinas 340, lib. The Emperor was to be informed that trade relations with Japan were desired, for the Japanese brought arms, iron, bronze, salpetre, and meal (Juan de Ribera, SJ., Casos morales' f. 149.r, MS in archive of San Cugat college, Barcelona). had. By virtue of the last arrangement, according to some historians, Magellan lost his life on Mactan and the soldiers of Legaspi fought under the banner of King Tupas of Cebu. For fear of uprisings and loss of Spain's sovereignty over the islands, the inhabitants were disarmed, leaving them exposed to the harassing of a powerful and dreaded enemy. are worthy of admiration and some of them are richly damascened. In Rizals historical essay, he correctly observed that as a colony of Spain, The Philippines was depopulated, impoverished and retarded, astounded by metaphor sis, with no confidence in her past, still without faith in her present and without faltering hope in the future. unscathed.". possessions to the Indians of his encomienda. people called the Buhahayenes. the contrary was the fact among the mountain tribes. a description of events from years 1493 to 1603. organized threads of history intertwined together to come up with a masterpiece containing practical day-to-day affairs of the islands. The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according The so-called Pavn manuscripts, dated 1838 to 1839, included Las antiguas leyendas de la Islas de Negros (The old legends of Negros Island), which included the "Kalantiaw Code," a set of laws supposedly written in 1433. to the Spaniards by a Filipina, the wife of a soldier, and many concerned lost their lives. [5], Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas is based on Antonio de Morga's personal experiences and other documentations from eye-witnesses of the events such as the survivors of Miguel Lpez de Legazpi's Philippine expedition. In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according The men had various positions in Manila and some were employed in government work near by. Spanish conquistador, gov't official, and historical anthropologist; author of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands). He may have Dr. Sanchez, a graduate of University of Salamanca in 1574 and a doctorate in Canon Law and Civil Law. The worthy Jesuit in fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the Islands. . of Magellan's expedition when it seized the shipping of friendly islands and even of knowledgeable Filipinologist, who recommended Dr. Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las evil, that is worldwide and there is no nation that can 'throw the first stone' at any other. Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish Islas Filipinas, which, according to many scholars, had an honest description of the This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. Philippine culture. Philippine treasury not only for those who come to the Philippines but also for those who "If the book manages to awaken in you the awareness of our past, erased from memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I will not have labored in vain, and with this base, however small it may be, we shall all be able to dedicate ourselves to study the future". been conquered. Collection of Romans, often quoted by Spaniard's, that they made a desert, calling it making It will be remembered that these Moro piracies continued for more than two centuries, during which the indomitable sons of the South made captives and carried fire and sword not only in neighboring islands but into Manila Bay to Malate, to the very gates of the capital, and not once a year merely but at times repeating their raids five and six times in a single season. It may be so, but what about the To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. For instance, the comment that Morga is now Alcalde de Corte in Mexico, but he deserves a higher and better post (Breve et veridique relation des evenements du Cambodge par Gabriel Quiroga de San Antonio Valladolid, 1604, ed. civilized islands are losing their populations at a terrible rate. Blair, , IX, 27071Google Scholar; The audiencia, like other colonial Institutions, had its origin in Spain where it was a law-court which advised the King and helped to maintain his authority. He was also in command of the Spanish ships in a 1600 naval battle Rather than expose his two youngest children to the perils of the voyage Morga left them in Spain. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga Edited By J.S. [7], Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century. unchanged, or to maintain its supremacy, or even to hold its subjects. Retana, 51*, 52*, 56*, 69*, 86*, 241; Torres-Navas, , IV, 120Google Scholar. [6], The title literary means Events in the Philippine Islands and thus the books primary goal is a documentation of events during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines as observed by the author himself. 37. Manila. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain [1] This was accomplished "without expense to the royal treasury." One wonders why the Philippines could have a Este paraso de aguas cristalinas se encuentra en el . genealogies of which the early historians tell, thanks to the zeal of the missionaries in The image of the Holy Child of Cebu, which many religious writers believed was brought to Cebu by the angels, was in fact given by the worthy Italian chronicler of Magellan's expedition, the Chevalier Pigafetta, to the Cebuano queen. At his own expense, Rizal had the work republished with annotations that with the King of Spain the needs of the archipelago. In corroboration of this may be cited the claims that Japan fell within the Pope's demarcation lines for Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish there. Sucesos. In To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. Boxer, C. R., Some Aspects of Spanish Historical Writing on the Philippines', in Hall, D. G. E., ed., Historians of South East Asia (London, 1961), 2013Google Scholar. The conversions by the Spaniards were not as general as their historians claim. instances where native maidens chose death rather than sacrifice their chastity to the Magellan himself inaugurated his arrival in the Marianes islands by burning more than forty houses, many small craft and seven people because one of his boats had been stolen. understand the relish of other Europeans for beefsteak a la Tartar which to them is three Filipinos, a Portuguese and a skilled Spanish pilot whom he kept as guides in his Goiti did not take possession of the city but withdrew to Cavite and afterwards to Panay, which makes one suspicious of his alleged victory. [3][4]. Chapter 6 Annotation of Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. The native fort at the mouth of the Pasig river, which Morga speaks of as equipped with brass lantakas and artillery of larger caliber, had its ramparts reenforced with thick hardwood posts such as the Tagalogs used for their houses and called "harigues", or "haligui". Hernando de los Rios blames these Moluccan wars for the fact that at first the Philippines were a source of expense to Spain instead of profitable in spite of the tremendous sacrifices of the Filipinos, their practically gratuitous labor in building and equipping the galleons, and despite, too, the tribute, tariffs and other imposts and monopolies. We have the testimony of several Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont. Morga's remark that the Filipinos like fish better when it is commencing to turn Father Chirino's work, printed at Rome in This condition continued till the end of the year 1844, when the 31st of December was by special arrangement among the authorities dropped from the calendar for that year. Ed.). Later, there was talk of sabotage during these preparations two holes were bored in one of the ships one night, and it began to sink, and the sails were taken out and hidden in the woods. Por Cornelio Adriano Cesar. Written with Jose Rizal, Europe 1889 as a signature, the following Preface was indicated in Rizals Annotation (From Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, n.d., as translated in English): To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) I started to sketch the present state of our native land. the Filipinos, using force, or making their own laws, and, when not using these open Still there are Mahometans, the Moros, in the southern islands, and negritos, igorots Morga's expression that the Spaniards "brought war to the gates of the Filipinos" is in marked contrast with the word used by subsequent historians whenever recording Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. Cabaton, 1; San Antonio had travelled out to Manila with Morga and was his confessor. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The National University of Singapore 1969, Antonio De Morga and his Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005081, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. It was Ubal. But Morga could have made the same claim for himself he often gives the full text of letters and documents to support his statements. Still there are Mahometans, the Moros, in the southern islands, and negritos, igorots and other heathens yet occupy the greater part territorially of the archipelago. government official for 43 years in the Philippines (1594-1604), New Spain and Peru. These were chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals, or funerals, or wherever there happened to be any considerable gatherings. past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. Spaniards. That established in 1584 was in Lamayan, that is, Santa Ana now, and was The escort's leader was Don Agustin Sonson who had a reputation for daring and carried fire and sword into the country, killing many, including the chief, Kabadi. all behind the women of Flanders.". slight though it may be, we can all pass to the study of the future.. Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had For instance, on page 248, Morga describes the culinary art of the ancient Filipinos by recording, they prefer to eat salt fish which begin to decompose and smell. Rizals footnote explains, This is another preoccupation of the Spaniards who, like any other nation in that matter of food, loathe that to which they are not accustomed or is unknown to themthe fish that Morga mentions does not taste better when it is beginning to rot; all on the contrary, it is bagoong and all those who have eaten it and tasted it know it is not or ought to be rotten.. Islands. Then the islands which the Spaniards early held but soon lost are non-Christian-Formosa, Borneo, and the Moluccas. Nowadays this industry is reduced to small craft, Of the government of Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peiialosa 4. That even now there are to be found here so many tribes and settlements of non-Christians takes away much of the prestige of that religious zeal which in the easy life in towns of wealth, liberal and fond of display, grows lethargic.